{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:21Z","timestamp":1775768961810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold>\n                    To quantitatively measure the amount of pressure induced at the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface of dogs by use of 2 cast configurations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold>\n                    13 client- or student-owned dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pressure sensors were placed over the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface. Dogs then were fitted with a fiberglass cast on a pelvic limb extending from the digits to the stifle joint (tall cast). Pressure induced over the calcaneus and proximal edge of the cast at the level of the cranial tibial surface was simultaneously recorded during ambulation. Subsequently, the cast was shortened to end immediately proximal to the calcaneus (short cast), and data acquisition was repeated. Pressure at the level of the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface for both cast configurations was compared by use of paired\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    tests.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n                    The short cast created significantly greater peak pressure at the level of the calcaneus (mean \u00b1 SD, 0.2 \u00b1 0.07 MPa), compared with peak pressure created by the tall cast (0.1 \u00b1 0.06 MPa). Mean pressure at the proximal cranial edge of the cast was significantly greater for the short cast (0.2 \u00b1 0.06 MPa) than for the tall cast (0.04 \u00b1 0.03 MPa).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    A cast extended to the level of the proximal portion of the tibia caused less pressure at the level of the calcaneus and the proximal cranial edge of the cast. Reducing the amount of pressure at these locations may minimize the potential for pressure sores and other soft tissue injuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.3.317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T12:13:34Z","timestamp":1519215214000},"page":"317-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of pressure mapping for quantitative analysis of pressure points induced by external coaptation of the distal portion of the pelvic limb of dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Iodence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia M.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirk C.","family":"McGilvray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen G.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix M.","family":"Duerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim)","first-page":"39","article-title":"Principles of conservative fracture management: splints and casts","volume":"6","author":"RL","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50103-4","article-title":"External coaptation","volume":"29","author":"RE","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.09.001","article-title":"External coaptation","volume":"19","author":"J","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-03-0033","article-title":"Soft-tissue injuries associated with cast application for distal limb orthopaedic conditions. 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coaptation","volume":"23","author":"AM","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim)","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biomechanics of fractures and fracture fixation","volume":"6","author":"PD","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"631","article-title":"Conservative fracture treatment using casts: indications, principles of closed fracture reduction and stabilization, and cast materials","volume":"28","author":"MA","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12031.x","article-title":"Use of a custom orthotic boot for management of distal extremity and pad wounds in three dogs","volume":"42","author":"RJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Orthotics in functional rehabilitation of the lower limb","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to orthotics: rationale for 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walkway","volume":"8","author":"FS","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04042.x","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of perioperative oral carprofen after cranial cruciate surgery using noninvasive, objective pressure platform gait analysis","volume":"33","author":"CL","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00680.x","article-title":"Inverse dynamics analysis of the pelvic limbs in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"39","author":"CA","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Biomech Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034503","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3005165","article-title":"Effect of calibration method on Tekscan sensor accuracy","volume":"131","author":"JM","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"TekScan F-Scan user manual, version 6.7x","first-page":"121","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Curr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cuor.2003.09.001","article-title":"Splinting of the hand and wrist","volume":"17","author":"E","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim)","first-page":"39","article-title":"Principles of conservative fracture management: splints and casts","volume":"6","author":"RL","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(99)50103-4","article-title":"External coaptation","volume":"29","author":"RE","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Tech Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.09.001","article-title":"External coaptation","volume":"19","author":"J","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.3415\/VCOT-10-03-0033","article-title":"Soft-tissue injuries associated with cast application for distal limb orthopaedic conditions. A retrospective study of sixty dogs and cats","volume":"24","author":"RL","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50081-4","article-title":"Complications of fractures repaired with casts and splints","volume":"21","author":"J","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Textbook of small animal surgery","first-page":"1661","article-title":"External coaptation","author":"CE","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Orthotics etcetera","first-page":"21","article-title":"Mechanics of orthotics","author":"EM","year":"1980"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Evaluation of the dermal effects of cast padding in coaptation casts on dogs","volume":"53","author":"SF","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"157","article-title":"Bandaging in dogs and cats: external coaptation","volume":"23","author":"AM","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Semin Vet Med Surg (Small Anim)","first-page":"3","article-title":"Biomechanics of fractures and fracture fixation","volume":"6","author":"PD","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"631","article-title":"Conservative fracture treatment using casts: indications, principles of closed fracture reduction and stabilization, and cast materials","volume":"28","author":"MA","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2013.12031.x","article-title":"Use of a custom orthotic boot for management of distal extremity and pad wounds in three dogs","volume":"42","author":"RJ","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Orthotics in functional rehabilitation of the lower limb","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to orthotics: rationale for treatment","author":"DA","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2014.04.002","article-title":"The emerging role of veterinary orthotics and prosthetics (V-OP) in small animal rehabilitation and pain management","volume":"29","author":"PM","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Int J Ind Ergon","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2015.06.003","article-title":"How reliable are pressure measurements with Tekscan sensors on the body surface of human subjects wearing load carriage systems?","volume":"49","author":"PD","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-87","article-title":"Gait analysis in clinically healthy sheep from three different age groups using a pressure-sensitive walkway","volume":"8","author":"FS","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950x.2004.04042.x","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of perioperative oral carprofen after cranial cruciate surgery using noninvasive, objective pressure platform gait analysis","volume":"33","author":"CL","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00680.x","article-title":"Inverse dynamics analysis of the pelvic limbs in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"39","author":"CA","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Biomech Eng","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034503","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3005165","article-title":"Effect of calibration method on Tekscan sensor accuracy","volume":"131","author":"JM","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"TekScan F-Scan user manual, version 6.7x","first-page":"121","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Curr Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cuor.2003.09.001","article-title":"Splinting of the hand and wrist","volume":"17","author":"E","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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