{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T21:36:55Z","timestamp":1764020215227,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To measure effects of oral <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic> administration on systemic markers of gastrointestinal permeability and epithelial damage following antimicrobial administration in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> 8 healthy adult dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> (10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> cells\/kg; n = 4) or vehicle (PBS solution; 4) for 6 days following metronidazole administration (12.5 mg\/kg, PO, q 12 h for 7 d). After a 20-day washout period, the same dogs received the alternate treatment. After another washout period, experiments were repeated with amoxicillin-clavulanate (13.5 mg\/kg, PO, q 12 h) instead of metronidazole. Fecal consistency was scored, a quantitative real-time PCR assay for <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> in feces was performed, and plasma concentrations of cytokeratin-18, lipopolysaccharide, and glucagon-like peptides were measured by ELISA before (T0) and after (T1) antimicrobial administration and after administration of <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> or vehicle (T2).<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> was detected in feces in 7 of 8 dogs after <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> treatment at T2 (3\/4 experiments) but not at T0 or T1. After metronidazole administration, mean change in plasma cytokeratin-18 concentration from T1 to T2 was significantly lower with vehicle than with <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> treatment (\u22120.27 vs 2.4 ng\/mL). Mean cytokeratin-18 concentration was lower at T1 than at T0 with amoxicillin-clavulanate. No other significant biomarker concentration changes were detected. Probiotic administration was not associated with changes in fecal scores. No adverse effects were attributed to <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Detection of <jats:italic>A muciniphila<\/jats:italic> in feces suggested successful gastrointestinal transit following oral supplementation in dogs. Plasma cytokeratin-18 alterations suggested an effect on gastrointestinal epithelium. Further study is needed to investigate effects in dogs with naturally occurring gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.79.8.884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,30]],"date-time":"2018-07-30T13:22:07Z","timestamp":1532956927000},"page":"884-892","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effects of oral Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation in healthy dogs following antimicrobial administration"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Jugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Rudinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise L.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua B.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Paliy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prosper","family":"Boyaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Gilor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2538","article-title":"Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens","volume":"9","author":"McGuckin","year":"2011"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"ref2","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4659","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006451107","article-title":"The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host-microbial interactions","volume":"108","author":"Johansson","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.281","article-title":"Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria","volume":"105","author":"Png","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.001","article-title":"Glycobiome: bacteria and mucus at the epithelial interface","volume":"27","author":"Ouwerkerk","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Epithel Biol Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2174\/1875044301205010013","article-title":"Epithelial barrier leak in gastrointestinal disease and multiorgan failure","volume":"5","author":"Farrell","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20019","article-title":"Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in endotoxemic patients with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"13","author":"Pastor Rojo","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-33778-4_7","article-title":"The role of the epithelial barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"579","author":"Nieuwenhuis","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.02085.x","article-title":"Phagocytosis, killing, lymphocyte-mediated antibacterial activity, serum autoantibodies, and plasma endotoxins in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"95","author":"Caradonna","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Cell","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90400-7","article-title":"The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells","volume":"31","author":"Moll","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Br J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6606082","article-title":"Assessment of circulating biomarkers for potential pharmacodynamic utility in patients with lymphoma","volume":"104","author":"Greystoke","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Br J Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2013.605","article-title":"A study to investigate dose escalation of doxorubicin in ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma incorporating biomarkers of response and toxicity","volume":"109","author":"Gibb","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Akkermansia. 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