{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T10:45:16Z","timestamp":1751885116373},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the effects of vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) sterilization on the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of meropenem-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (M-PMMA) beads.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>SAMPLE<\/jats:bold> 6-mm-diameter polymethyl methacrylate beads that were or were not impregnated with meropenem.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Meropenem-free polymethyl methacrylate and M-PMMA beads were sterilized by use of an autoclave or VHP or remained unsterilized. To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of each bead-sterilization combination (treatment), Mueller-Hinton agar plates were inoculated with 1 of 6 common equine pathogens, and 1 bead from each treatment was applied to a sixth of each plate. The zone of bacterial inhibition for each treatment was measured after 24 hours. To estimate the duration of antimicrobial elution into a solid or liquid medium, 1 bead from each treatment was transferred every 24 hours to a new <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2013inoculated agar plate or a tube with PBS solution, and an aliquot of the eluent from each tube was then applied to a paper disc on an <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic>\u2013inoculated agar plate. All agar plates were incubated for 24 hours, and the zone of bacterial inhibition was measured for each treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of M-PMMA beads was retained following VHP sterilization. The duration of antimicrobial elution in solid and liquid media did not differ significantly between unsterilized and VHP-sterilized M-PMMA beads.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results indicated that M-PMMA beads retained in vitro antimicrobial activity and eluted the drug for up to 2 weeks after VHP sterilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.1.45","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T15:37:34Z","timestamp":1546529854000},"page":"45-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of vaporized hydrogen peroxide sterilization on the in vitro efficacy of meropenem-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate beads"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Myra E.","family":"Durham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna R.","family":"Elfenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00705.x","article-title":"Orthopedic infections in equine long bone fractures and arthrodeses treated by internal fixation: 192 cases (1990\u20132006)","volume":"39","author":"Ahern","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.003","article-title":"The antimicrobial activity of honey against common equine wound bacterial isolates","volume":"199","author":"Carnwath","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance in critical care medicine","volume":"16","author":"Ogeer-Gyles","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12562","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement on therapeutic antimicrobial use in animals and antimicrobial resistance","volume":"29","author":"Weese","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Biotechnol Adv","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2016.09.005","article-title":"Understanding osteomyelitis and its treatment through local drug delivery system","volume":"34","author":"Nandi","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B2.659478","article-title":"The release of gentamicin from polymethylmethacrylate beads. 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