{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:25:00Z","timestamp":1789575900472,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the in vitro effect of 20% <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the viscosity of normal canine bile.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>ANIMALS<\/jats:bold> Bile samples obtained from 10 adult dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to biliary disease.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>PROCEDURES<\/jats:bold> Each sample was centrifuged to remove particulates, then divided into 3 aliquots. One aliquot remained untreated (control). Each of the other aliquots was diluted 1:4 with 20% NAC or sterile water. The viscosity of all samples was measured with a rotational viscometer at 25\u00b0C. Viscosity of control samples was measured immediately after centrifugation and at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application to the diluted samples. Viscosity of diluted samples was measured at 1 and 24 hours after treatment application.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> Mean viscosity differed significantly among the 3 groups at both 1 and 24 hours after treatment application. Relative to control samples, the addition of NAC and sterile water decreased the viscosity by approximately 3.35 mPa\u00b7s (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 5.12 mPa\u00b7s) and 2.74 mPa\u00b7s (95% CI, 1.33 to 4.14 mPa\u00b7s), respectively. Mean viscosity of the NAC-treated samples was approximately 0.61 mPa\u00b7s (95% CI, 0.21 to 1.01 mPa\u00b7s) less than that for the sterile water\u2013treated samples.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:bold> Results indicated that in vitro dilution of canine bile 1:4 with 20% NAC significantly decreased the viscosity of the resulting mixture. Further research is necessary to determine whether NAC is a safe and effective noninvasive treatment for dogs with persistent biliary sludge or gallbladder mucoceles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.1.74","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T15:37:34Z","timestamp":1546529854000},"page":"74-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In vitro effect of 20% N-acetylcysteine on the viscosity of normal canine bile"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Tomas","family":"Boullhesen-Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy L.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Milovancev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole 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