{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:06:29Z","timestamp":1775099189664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the feasibility of radiographic measurement of liver area in small-breed dogs and to assess correlations between CT liver volume measurements (reference standard) and radiographic liver size measurements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>107 small-breed dogs (body weight, \u2264 10 kg) that had previously undergone orthogonal thoracic and abdominal radiography and abdominal CT.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a retrospective study design, dogs were allocated to groups (normal liver [n = 36], microhepatia [34], and hepatomegaly [37]) on the basis of radiographic liver size and clinicopathologic findings. Radiographic liver area (RLA) was automatically calculated from archived radiographic images by free-hand outlining of the liver margins by use of DICOM viewer software, and other standard radiographic measurements were performed. Liver volume was measured on CT images. Intraoperator repeatability of RLA and CT measurements was assessed (duplicate measurements 2 weeks apart). To control for various breed conformations, radiographic values were normalized to body weight and T11 area.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean \u00b1 SD ratios of RLA to T11 area and RLA to body weight for dogs with normal livers were 32.7 \u00b1 6.2 and 7.0 \u00b1 1.4, respectively. Excellent intraobserver agreement was observed in RLA measurements within groups (intraclass correlation coefficients, 0.861 to 0.989), and RLA measurements had the highest correlation with CT liver volume measurements (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.94) of all radiographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings indicated that RLA measurement in small-breed dogs with or without liver disease was useful and accurate for estimation of liver size, compared with CT measurement, and might be particularly useful for monitoring of changes in liver size.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.12.1122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T14:48:13Z","timestamp":1574693293000},"page":"1122-1128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retrospective quantitative assessment of liver size by measurement of radiographic liver area in small-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Semi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hakyoung","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kidong","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Dig Dis 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and spleen volumes by computed tomography: an experimental study in dogs","volume":"5","author":"Moss","year":"1981"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Abdom Imaging","first-page":"482","article-title":"Normal organ volume assessment from abdominal CT","volume":"29","author":"Geraghty","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Clin Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-7071(01)00376-X","article-title":"Liver volume measurement by spiral CT an in vitro study","volume":"26","author":"Kayaalp","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2012.01976.x","article-title":"Vertebral heart scores in eight dog breeds","volume":"54","author":"Jepsen-Grant","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1613","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of liver volume in dogs","volume":"50","author":"van 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