{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T14:04:39Z","timestamp":1778508279252,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of atipamezole administered at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine to isoflurane-anesthetized cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>6 adult (1 to 2 years old) domestic shorthair cats (body weight, 3 to 6 kg).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Each cat was anesthetized with isoflurane and rocuronium 3 times; there was a 1-week washout period between successive anesthetic procedures. For each anesthetic procedure, dexmedetomidine (5 \u03bcg\/kg) was administered IV. Five minutes after dexmedetomidine was administered, atipamezole (25 or 50 \u03bcg\/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IM. Pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured during anesthesia before dexmedetomidine administration (baseline), after dexmedetomidine administration, and 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Pulse rate and MAP were also recorded when MAP was at its lowest value. Hemodynamic variables were compared among treatments at baseline, after dexmedetomidine administration, and after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Effects of treatment and time on all variables were assessed with mixed-effects models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both doses of atipamezole resulted in a significantly lower MAP than did saline solution. Pulse rate, CO, and SVR were not significantly different among treatments after atipamezole or saline solution were administered.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Atipamezole administered IM at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine was ineffective at increasing pulse rate or CO in anesthetized cats that received dexmedetomidine. However, atipamezole caused short-lasting but severe arterial hypotension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.80.5.455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T16:11:43Z","timestamp":1556554303000},"page":"455-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Evaluation of atipamezole as a treatment for dexmedetomidine-induced cardiovascular depression in anesthetized cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Kathryn K.","family":"Zatroch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Cornell University Statistical Consulting Unit, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Campoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Martin-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00259.x","article-title":"Evaluation 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Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-2995.2003.00122.x","article-title":"The echocardiographic effects of romifidine in dogs with and without prior or concurrent administration of glycopyrrolate","volume":"30","author":"Sinclair","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.52","article-title":"Effects of preemptive atropine administration on incidence of medetomidine-induced bradycardia in dogs","volume":"218","author":"Ko","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Br J Anaesth","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aet382","article-title":"Determination of cardiac output by ultrasound dilution technique in infants and children: a validation study against direct Fick principle","volume":"112","author":"Boehne","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"J Appl Physiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.3.1274","article-title":"New method of cardiac output measurement using ultrasound velocity dilution in rats","volume":"91","author":"Veal","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Pediatr Cardiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-9915-x","article-title":"Validation of cardiac output measurement by ultrasound dilution technique with pulmonary artery thermodilution in a pediatric animal model","volume":"32","author":"Darling","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2011.00604.x","article-title":"Determination of cardiac output by ultrasound velocity dilution in normovolemia and hypovolemia in dogs","volume":"38","author":"Shih","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary 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