{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:22:54Z","timestamp":1791339774072,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate holding security of 4 friction knots created with various monofilament and multifilament sutures in a vascular ligation model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>280 friction knot constructs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>10 friction knots of 4 types (surgeon's throw, Miller knot, Ashley modification of the Miller knot, and strangle knot) created with 2-0 monofilament (polyglyconate, polydioxanone, poliglecaprone-25, and glycomer-631) and braided multifilament (silk, lactomer, and polyglactin-910) sutures were separately tied on a mock pedicle and pressure tested to the point of leakage. Linear regression analysis was performed to compare leakage pressures among suture materials (within friction knot type) and among knot types (within suture material).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mean leakage pressure of surgeon's throws was significantly lower than that of all other knots tested, regardless of the suture material used. All the other knots had mean leakage pressures considered supraphysiological. Significant differences in mean leakage pressure were detected between various friction knots tied with the same type of suture and various suture types used to create a given knot. Variability in leakage pressure among knots other than the surgeon's throw was greatest for poliglecaprone-25 and lowest for polydioxanone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most differences in knot security, although statistically significant, may not have been clinically relevant. However, results of these in vitro tests suggested the surgeon's throw should be avoided as a first throw for pedicle ligation and that poliglecaprone-25 may be more prone to friction knot slippage than the other suture materials evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.10.821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T12:37:59Z","timestamp":1600951079000},"page":"821-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro holding security of four friction knots of monofilament or multifilament suture used as a first throw for vascular ligation"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Tremolada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt M.","family":"Hazenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Mission Veterinary Emergency and Specialty, Mission, KS 66202."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Smeak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01260.x","article-title":"Pedicle ligation in ovariohysterectomy: an in vitro study of ligation techniques","volume":"53","author":"Leitch","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102693","article-title":"Vessel sealing versus suture ligation for canine ovarian pedicle 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bitch","volume":"14","author":"Pearson","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Small animal veterinary surgery","first-page":"1351","article-title":"Spleen","volume":"2","author":"Richter","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Small animal veterinary surgery","first-page":"1607","article-title":"Liver and biliary system","volume":"2","author":"Mayhew","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Small animal veterinary surgery","article-title":"Amputations","author":"Seguin","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet Rec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.157.26.829","article-title":"Complications observed during and after ovariohysterectomy of 142 bitches at a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"157","author":"Burrow","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"720","article-title":"Complications of canine 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patients","author":"Haskins","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-016-0451-5","article-title":"Two-month longitudinal study of mechanical properties of absorbable sutures used in orthopedic surgery","volume":"11","author":"DA","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"162","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of 4 types of knots on the mechanical properties of 4 types of suture material used in small animal practice","volume":"80","author":"Avoine","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.2.219","article-title":"Evaluation of various hemostatic knot configurations performed by veterinary students","volume":"253","author":"Giusto","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Vet 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