{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T19:40:21Z","timestamp":1778874021722,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of tulathromycin for prevention of abortion in pregnant ewes when administered within 24 hours after experimental inoculation with <jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>20 pregnant ewes between 72 and 92 days of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All ewes were inoculated with a field strain of <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic> (8.5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> to 10.6 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFUs, IV). Eighteen hours later, ewes received either tulathromycin (1.1 mL\/45 kg [2.4 mg\/kg], SC; n = 10) or sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1.1 mL\/45 kg, SC; sham; 10). Ewes were euthanized immediately after observation of vaginal bleeding, abortion, or completion of a 21-day observation period. Necropsy was performed on all ewes, and tissue specimens were obtained for bacterial culture and histologic examination.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>1 sham-treated ewe and 1 tulathromycin-treated ewe developed signs of severe endotoxemia and were euthanized within 24 hours after <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic> inoculation. Seven sham-treated and 2 tulathromycin-treated ewes developed vaginal bleeding or aborted and were euthanized between 4 and 21 days after <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic> inoculation. The proportion of tulathromycin-treated ewes that developed vaginal bleeding or aborted during the 21 days after <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic> inoculation (2\/9) was significantly less than that for the sham-treated ewes (7\/9).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results suggested that administration of tulathromycin to pregnant ewes following exposure to <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic> was effective in decreasing the number of <jats:italic>C jejuni<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced abortions. Because of concerns regarding the development of macrolide resistance among <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> strains, prophylactic use of tulathromycin in sheep is not recommended.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.3.205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T16:06:12Z","timestamp":1582733172000},"page":"205-209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Experimental evaluation of tulathromycin as a treatment for Campylobacter jejuni abortion in pregnant ewes"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yaeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."},{"name":"3Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."},{"name":"4Department of National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orhan","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melda Meral","family":"Ocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashenafi F.","family":"Beyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changyun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald W.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022516-022826","article-title":"Campylobacter-associated diseases in animals","volume":"5","author":"Sahin","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00031-08","article-title":"Emergence of a tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni clone associated with outbreaks of ovine abortion in the United 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chlortetracycline in maternal plasma and in fetal tissues following oral administration to pregnant ewes","volume":"41","author":"Washburn","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06167-11","article-title":"Molecular evidence for zoonotic transmission of an emergent, highly pathogenic Campylobacter jejuni clone in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Sahin","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00355-14","article-title":"Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion in the United States and Great Britain","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.032","article-title":"The role of the macrolide tulathromycin in veterinary medicine","volume":"198","author":"Villarino","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12744","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in fetal sheep and pregnant ewes","volume":"42","author":"MacKay","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Vet Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588702400509","article-title":"Pathology of Campylobacter jejuni abortion in sheep","volume":"24","author":"Hedstrom","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0462","article-title":"Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of a Campylobacter jejuni clone","volume":"74","author":"Luo","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2013 edition"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"New Microbiol","first-page":"269","article-title":"Application of MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting as a quick tool for identification and clustering of foodborne pathogens isolated from food products","volume":"40","author":"Elbehiry","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2009.00804.x","article-title":"Hepatic effects of flunixin-meglumin in LPS-induced sepsis","volume":"24","author":"\u00c1vila","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Sheep flock health: a planned approach","first-page":"57","article-title":"Campylobacteriosis","author":"Sargison","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"853","article-title":"Associations between antimicrobial use and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli from feedlot cattle in western 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