{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T02:44:37Z","timestamp":1781232277843,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo compare analgesic efficacy and fetal effects between transdermal administration of fentanyl and IM administration of buprenorphine in pregnant sheep.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n12 healthy pregnant ewes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\nBefore study initiation, each ewe was confirmed pregnant with a single fetus between 113 and 117 days of gestation. Ewes were randomly assigned to receive buprenorphine (0.01 mg\/kg, IM, q 8 h for 48 hours beginning 1 hour before anesthesia induction; n = 6) or fentanyl (a combination of transdermal fentanyl patches sufficient to deliver a dose of 2 \u03bcg of fentanyl\/kg\/h applied between the dorsal borders of the scapulae 24 hours before anesthesia induction; 6). Ewes were anesthetized and underwent a surgical procedure to instrument the fetus with an arterial catheter and place a catheter in utero for collection of amniotic fluid samples. Physiologic variables and behavioral changes indicative of pain were assessed, and amniotic fluid and blood samples from ewes and fetuses were collected for determination of drug concentrations at predetermined times.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nBoth protocols provided acceptable postoperative analgesia with no adverse effects observed in the ewes or fetuses. Compared with the buprenorphine protocol, the fentanyl protocol induced more profound analgesia, decreased the requirement for isoflurane during surgery, and was associated with a shorter anesthesia recovery time. Fetal indices did not differ significantly between the 2 analgesic protocols.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nResults indicated that both protocols provided acceptable analgesia. However, the fentanyl protocol was superior in regard to the extent of analgesia induced, inhalant-sparing effects, and anesthesia recovery time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.7.581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,25]],"date-time":"2020-06-25T15:27:12Z","timestamp":1593098832000},"page":"581-593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of analgesic efficacy and fetal effects between transdermal administration of fentanyl and intramuscular administration of buprenorphine in pregnant sheep"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Ashley L.","family":"Padgett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio L.","family":"Lepiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn E.","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austin J.","family":"Driskill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan V.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia R.","family":"Fajt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Konarik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis P.","family":"Mays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon E.","family":"Washburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. 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