{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:39:37Z","timestamp":1783762777340,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare the ability of acetaminophen-codeine (AC; 15.5 to 18.5 mg\/kg and 1.6 to 2.0 mg\/kg, respectively) or carprofen (4.2 to 4.5 mg\/kg) administered PO to attenuate experimentally induced lameness in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>7 purpose-bred dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A blinded crossover study was performed. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive AC or carprofen treatment first and then the alternate treatment a minimum of 21 days later. Synovitis was induced in 1 stifle joint during each treatment by intra-articular injection of sodium urate (SU). Ground reaction forces were assessed, and clinical lameness was scored at baseline (before lameness induction) and 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after SU injection. Plasma concentrations of acetaminophen, carprofen, codeine, and morphine were measured at various points. Data were compared between and within treatments by repeated-measures ANOVA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>During AC treatment, dogs had significantly higher lameness scores than during carprofen treatment at 3, 6, and 9 hours after SU injection. Peak vertical force and vertical impulse during AC treatment were significantly lower than values during carprofen treatment at 3, 6, and 9 hours. Plasma concentrations of carprofen (R)- and (S)-enantiomers ranged from 2.5 to 19.2 \u03bcg\/mL and 4.6 to 25.0 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively, over a 24-hour period. Plasma acetaminophen concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 4.6 \u03bcg\/mL and codeine concentrations from 7.0 to 26.8 ng\/mL, whereas plasma morphine concentrations ranged from 4.0 to 58.6 ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Carprofen as administered was more effective than AC at attenuating SU-induced lameness in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.8.627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T13:45:59Z","timestamp":1595511959000},"page":"627-634","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of the effects on lameness of orally administered acetaminophen-codeine and carprofen in dogs with experimentally induced synovitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Budsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Kleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella S.","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27606."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.06.005","article-title":"Mutimodal pain management in veterinary medicine: the physiologic basis of pharmacologic therapies","volume":"38","author":"Lamont","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Plumb's veterinary drug handbook","first-page":"256","volume":"6\u20138","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Pain management in veterinary practice","first-page":"248","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Handbook of veterinary pain management","first-page":"135","article-title":"Overview of drugs administered to treat 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