{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T05:02:48Z","timestamp":1749618168514},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To identify the degree of left arytenoid cartilage (LAC) abduction that allows laryngeal airflow similar to that in galloping horses, assess 2-D and 3-D biomechanical effects of prosthetic laryngoplasty on LAC movement and airflow, and determine the influence of suture position through the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage (MPA) on these variables.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>7 equine cadaver larynges.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With the right arytenoid cartilage maximally abducted and inspiratory airflow simulated by vacuum, laryngeal airflow and translaryngeal pressure and impedance were measured at 12 incremental LAC abduction forces (0% to 100% [maximum abduction]) applied through laryngoplasty sutures passed caudocranially or mediolaterally through the left MPA. Cross-sectional area of the rima glottis and left-to-right angle quotient were determined from photographs at each abduction force; CT images were obtained at alternate forces. Arytenoid and cricoid cartilage markers allowed calculation of LAC roll, pitch, and yaw through use of Euler angles on 3-D reconstructed CT images.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Translaryngeal pressure and impedance decreased, and airflow increased rapidly at low abduction forces, then slowed until a plateau was reached at approximately 50% of maximum abduction force. The greatest LAC motion was rocking (pitch). Suture position through the left MPA did not significantly affect airflow data. Approximately 50% of maximum abduction force, corresponding to a left arytenoid angle of approximately 30\u00b0 and left-to-right angle quotient of 0.79 to 0.84, allowed airflow of approximately 61 \u00b1 6.5 L\/s.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ex vivo modeling results suggested little benefit to LAC abduction forces &gt; 50%, which allowed airflow similar to that reported elsewhere for galloping horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.81.8.665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T13:45:59Z","timestamp":1595511959000},"page":"665-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ex vivo modeling of the airflow dynamics and two-and three-dimensional biomechanical effects of suture placements for prosthetic laryngoplasty in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Nicola P.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy G.","family":"Bazley-White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoe F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Raffetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thilo","family":"Pfau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathon","family":"Cheetham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin D.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, North Mymms, Herfordshire, AL9 7TA, England."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15142","article-title":"Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy","volume":"32","author":"Draper","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"16","article-title":"Effect of laryngeal hemiplegia and laryngoplasty on airway flow mechanics in exercising horses","volume":"47","author":"Derksen","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"766","article-title":"Use of flow-volume loops to evaluate upper airway obstruction in exercising standardbreds","volume":"54","author":"Lumsden","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1970.tb04179.x","article-title":"Observations on laryngeal hemiplegia in the horse and treatment by abductor muscle prosthesis","volume":"2","author":"Marks","year":"1970"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00202.x","article-title":"A comparison of laryngoplasty and modified partial arytenoidectomy as treatments for laryngeal hemiplegia in exercising horses","volume":"35","author":"Radcliffe","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Vet Surg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00203.x","article-title":"Ventriculocordectomy as the sole treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy: long-term results from ninety-two horses","volume":"35","author":"Taylor","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Can J Vet Res","first-page":"202","article-title":"Attempts to restore abduction of the paralyzed equine arytenoid cartilage. 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WMO Tech Conf Meteorol Environ Instrum Methods Observ","first-page":"3","article-title":"Wind tunnel tests of some low cost sonic anemometers","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1668","article-title":"Efficacy of prosthetic laryngoplasty with and without bilateral ventriculocordectomy as treatments for laryngeal hemiplegia in horses","volume":"57","author":"Tetens","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/81\/8\/ajvr.81.8.665.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/81\/8\/ajvr.81.8.665.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/81\/8\/ajvr.81.8.665.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T20:44:21Z","timestamp":1696538661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/81\/8\/ajvr.81.8.665.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.81.8.665","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}}}