{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:14:49Z","timestamp":1776132889666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe a retroesophagoscopic approach (ROSA) to nasopharyngoscopy and compare it with the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach (REA).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>36 feline cadavers and 2 client-owned cats with nasopharyngeal disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>36 veterinarians participated in the experimental portion of the study involving feline cadavers. Each veterinarian performed the ROSA and REA to nasopharyngoscopy on a feline cadaver once, attempting to identify and biopsy 2 landmarks (soft palate and choanae) with each approach while time was recorded. Numeric scales were used to measure perceived ease of use and image quality for both techniques. Data were compared between approaches by an independent statistician. The ROSA approach was also used as part of the diagnostic workup for the 2 client-owned cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>35 of the 36 (97%) veterinarians were able to identify and biopsy both landmarks using the ROSA, whereas 21 (58%) veterinarians were able to visualize both landmarks using the REA and 19 (53%) successfully biopsied the landmarks. Image quality for the soft palate was scored higher with the ROSA (median score, 7.5\/10) than with the REA (4.5\/10). The ROSA was fast and easy to perform. This approach was also successfully performed in the 2 client-owned cats with nasopharyngeal disorders, with no complications reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s5\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ROSA was found to be a fast, effective, and easy alternative endoscopic technique for assessment of the nasopharynx in cats. This approach may allow use of various instruments that could be relevant for interventional procedures. However, the ROSA was also invasive and should be considered for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for selected indications only when REA is unsuccessful. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2021;82:752\u2013759)<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.82.9.752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T17:36:51Z","timestamp":1629913011000},"page":"752-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Investigation of a retroesophagoscopic approach to nasopharyngoscopy as an alternative to the conventional retroflexed endoscopic approach for selected indications in feline cadavers and client-owned cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Maxime G.","family":"Derr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth C.","family":"Snead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugues H.","family":"Beaufr\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrien G.","family":"Aertsens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Textbook of veterinary internal medicine","first-page":"2621","article-title":"Diseases of the ears, nose, and throat","volume":"Vol 1","author":"Oechtering G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oechtering G. 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