{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:25:02Z","timestamp":1784870702481,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"s001\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To characterize features of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s002\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>69 Miniature Schnauzers and 65 Yorkshire Terriers, each with MMVD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s003\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Medical record data for each dog were collected; the study period was January 2007 through December 2016. If available, radiographic data were evaluated, and a vertebral heart scale score was assigned for each dog. Statistical analysis was performed with Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> and Fisher exact tests.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s004\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with Yorkshire Terriers, the prevalence of MMVD was significantly higher in Miniature Schnauzers and affected dogs were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis. Miniature Schnauzers were significantly more likely to have mitral valve prolapse and syncope, compared with Yorkshire Terriers. Yorkshire Terriers were significantly more likely to have coughing and have had previous or current treatment with cardiac medications, compared with Miniature Schnauzers. There was no statistical difference between breeds with regard to abnormally high vertebral heart scale scores or radiographic evidence of congestive heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"s005\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With regard to MMVD, features of the disease among Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers were similar, but there were also a few discernable differences between these 2 breeds and from historical findings for dogs with MMVD of other breeds. Clinical signs at the time of diagnosis differed between the 2 breeds, which may have reflected concurrent breed-specific conditions (sick sinus syndrome or airway disease [eg, tracheal collapse]). Future work should include prospective studies to provide additional information regarding the natural progression of MMVD in these dog breeds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.05.0291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T15:37:39Z","timestamp":1636558659000},"page":"1428-1432","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Myxomatous mitral valve disease in Miniature Schnauzers and Yorkshire Terriers: 134 cases (2007\u20132016)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"259","author":[{"given":"Dylan J.","family":"DeProspero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry A.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa C.","family":"DeFrancesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce W.","family":"Keene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra P.","family":"Tou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darcy B.","family":"Adin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarke E.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Meurs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","series-title":"Cardiovasc Res.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00113-9","article-title":"Mitral valve prolapse in the dog: a model of mitral valve prolapse in man","volume":"47","author":"Pedersen HD","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pedersen HD, H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m J. 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