{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:08:41Z","timestamp":1787508521924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe scintigraphic and transrectal ultrasonographic anatomic variants of the lumbosacral (LS) articulation in horses and to determine the agreement between results obtained with each imaging modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>243 horses (81 Selle Fran\u00e7ais Warmbloods, 81 French Standardbred Trotters, and 81 Thoroughbreds).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective search of clinical records was conducted to identify horses that had undergone nuclear scintigraphy and transrectal ultrasonography of the LS region of the vertebral column between January 2016 and December 2019. Scintigraphic images were evaluated by 2 observers blinded to the other\u2019s results for classification of LS articulation anatomic variants (scintigraphic type); intra- and interobserver agreement were determined. Ultrasonographic images were evaluated for classification of LS intervertebral symphysis anatomic variant (ultrasonographic grade) by 1 observer blinded to horses\u2019 identities and scintigraphic findings; agreement analysis was performed between scintigraphic type and ultrasonographic grade. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed to describe distribution of anatomic variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scintigraphic classification system (scintigraphic type) had excellent intra- and interobserver agreement. Agreement between results for scintigraphic type and ultrasonographic grade was moderate (\u03ba = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.70). Anatomic variants of the LS articulation were observed in all groups. The distribution of variants differed significantly among breeds but not sexes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anatomic variations of the LS articulation in horses must be known to avoid misinterpreting them as clinically meaningful findings. Further research is needed to determine potential relationships between these anatomic variants and LS lesions, their clinical manifestations, and their influence on athletic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.08.0428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T09:28:46Z","timestamp":1638178126000},"page":"115-123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalences of lumbosacral articulation anatomic variants identified on nuclear scintigraphy and transrectal ultrasonography of Selle Fran\u00e7ais Warmbloods, French Standardbred Trotters, and Thoroughbreds and agreement between results from the imaging modalities"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Vautravers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Imagerie des Affections Locomotrices Equines, Unit Under Contract 957 Equine Biomechanics and Locomotor Disorders, French National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, Normandie Equine Vall\u00e9e, Goustranville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Audigi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Imagerie des Affections Locomotrices Equines, Unit Under Contract 957 Equine Biomechanics and Locomotor Disorders, French National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, Normandie Equine Vall\u00e9e, Goustranville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Denoix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche et d\u2019Imagerie des Affections Locomotrices Equines, Unit Under Contract 957 Equine Biomechanics and Locomotor Disorders, French National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, Normandie Equine Vall\u00e9e, Goustranville, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Vet J.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02063.x","article-title":"Sacroiliac lesions as a cause of chronic poor performance in competitive horses","volume":"17","author":"Jeffcott LB","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jeffcott LB, Dalin G, Ekman S, Olsson SE. Sacroiliac lesions as a cause of chronic poor performance in competitive horses. Equine Vet J. 1985;17(2):111\u2013118.10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1985.tb02063.x"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Proceedings of the First Conference on Equine Sports Medicine and Science","first-page":"97","article-title":"Diagnosis of the cause of back pain in horses","author":"Denoix JM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Denoix JM. Diagnosis of the cause of back pain in horses. In: Proceedings of the First Conference on Equine Sports Medicine and Science. 1998;97\u2013110."},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse","first-page":"920","article-title":"Poor performance and lameness","author":"Dyson SJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dyson SJ. Poor performance and lameness. In: Ross MW, Dyson SJ, eds. Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. 2nd ed. WB Saunders Co; 2010:920\u2013925."},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Proceedings of the AAEP Focus Meeting on Hindlimb Lameness","first-page":"87","article-title":"Thoracolumbar and lumbosacral considerations in hind leg lameness","author":"Peters DF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters DF. Thoracolumbar and lumbosacral considerations in hind leg lameness. In: Proceedings of the AAEP Focus Meeting on Hindlimb Lameness. American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2012:87\u201393."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12377","article-title":"Clinical features and diagnosis of sacroiliac joint region pain in 296 horses: 2004\u20132014","volume":"27","author":"Barstow A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barstow A, Dyson SJ. Clinical features and diagnosis of sacroiliac joint region pain in 296 horses: 2004\u20132014. Equine Vet Educ. 2015;27(12):637\u2013647.10.1111\/eve.12377"},{"issue":"S10","key":"ref6","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13236","article-title":"Ultrasonographic features associated with the lumbosacral or lumbar 5\u20136 symphyses in 64 horses with lumbosacral-sacroiliac joint region pain (2012\u20132018)","volume":"32","author":"Boado A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boado A, Nagy A, Dyson SJ. Ultrasonographic features associated with the lumbosacral or lumbar 5\u20136 symphyses in 64 horses with lumbosacral-sacroiliac joint region pain (2012\u20132018). Equine Vet Educ. 2020;32(S10):136\u2013143.10.1111\/eve.13236"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria","first-page":"31","year":"2017","unstructured":"International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. 6th ed. World Association of Veterinary Anatomists; 2017:31."},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques. Tome 2: Arthrologie et Myologie","first-page":"68","author":"Barone R","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barone R. Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques. Tome 2: Arthrologie et Myologie. 4th ed. Vigot; 2000:68\u201369."},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Essentials of Clinical Anatomy of the Equine Locomotor System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429424588-13","article-title":"The pelvis","author":"Denoix JM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Denoix JM. The pelvis. In: Essentials of Clinical Anatomy of the Equine Locomotor System. CRC Press; 2019:171\u2013188.10.1201\/9780429424588-13"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy","first-page":"1","article-title":"Some basic facts and concepts","author":"Dyce KM","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dyce KM. Some basic facts and concepts. In: Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG, eds. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. WB Saunders Co; 1987:1\u201328."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","series-title":"Am J Vet Res.","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Developmental variation in lumbosacropelvic anatomy of Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"58","author":"Haussler KK","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haussler KK, Stover SM, Willits NH. Developmental variation in lumbosacropelvic anatomy of Thoroughbred racehorses. Am J Vet Res. 1997;58(10):1083\u20131091."},{"issue":"S36","key":"ref12","series-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05575.x","article-title":"Functional anatomy of the caudal thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine in the horse","volume":"38","author":"Stubbs NC","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stubbs NC, Hodges PW, Jeffcott LB, Cowin G, Hodgson DR, McGowan CM. Functional anatomy of the caudal thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine in the horse. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2006;38(S36):393\u2013399.10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05575.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30169-4","article-title":"Ultrasonographic evaluation of back lesions","volume":"15","author":"Denoix JM","year":"1999","unstructured":"Denoix JM. Ultrasonographic evaluation of back lesions. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1999;15(1):131\u2013159.10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30169-4"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association","first-page":"42","article-title":"Diagnosis imaging of back and pelvis injuries in horses","author":"Denoix JM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Denoix JM, Audigi\u00e9 F, Coudry V. Diagnosis imaging of back and pelvis injuries in horses. In: Proceedings of the 9th Congress of the World Equine Veterinary Association. National Association of Veterinarians of Morocco; 2006:42\u201350."},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners Focus Meeting on Lameness and Imaging","first-page":"183","article-title":"Imaging of the thoracolumbar region and pelvis","author":"Werpy NM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werpy NM. Imaging of the thoracolumbar region and pelvis. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners Focus Meeting on Lameness and Imaging. American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2007:183\u2013189."},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 59th Annual Convention","first-page":"229","article-title":"How to perform a transrectal ultrasound examination of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints","author":"Bergman EHJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergman EHJ, Puchalski SM, Denoix JM. How to perform a transrectal ultrasound examination of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 59th Annual Convention. American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2013:229\u2013237."},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1983.tb00717.x","article-title":"Radiographic appearance of equine lumbosacral and pelvic abnormalities by linear tomography","volume":"24","author":"Jeffcott LB","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jeffcott LB. Radiographic appearance of equine lumbosacral and pelvic abnormalities by linear tomography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 1983;24:201\u2013213.10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1983.tb00717.x"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 51st Annual Convention","first-page":"366","article-title":"Review of diagnosis and treatment of lumbosacral pain in sport and race horses","author":"Denoix JM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Denoix JM, Audigi\u00e9 F, Coudry V. Review of diagnosis and treatment of lumbosacral pain in sport and race horses. In: Proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners 51st Annual Convention. American Association of Equine Practitioners; 2005:366\u2013373."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13313","article-title":"Review of the use of transrectal ultrasonography for evaluation of the caudal lumbar \u2013 including lumbosacral \u2013 intervertebral discs and symphyses: normal and abnormal ultrasonographic appearance","volume":"33","author":"Vautravers G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vautravers G, Coudry V, Denoix J-M. Review of the use of transrectal ultrasonography for evaluation of the caudal lumbar \u2013 including lumbosacral \u2013 intervertebral discs and symphyses: normal and abnormal ultrasonographic appearance. Equine Vet Educ. 2021;33(6):310\u2013319. doi:10.1111\/eve.1331310.1111\/eve.13313"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01691.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic findings in the lumbosacral joint of 43 horses with no clinical signs of back pain or hindlimb lameness","volume":"51","author":"Nagy A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nagy A, Dyson S, Barr A. Ultrasonographic findings in the lumbosacral joint of 43 horses with no clinical signs of back pain or hindlimb lameness. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2010;51(5):533\u2013539.10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01691.x"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","series-title":"Equine Vet Educ.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12845","article-title":"Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the sacroiliac joints of the horse: technique and normal images","volume":"31","author":"Tallaj A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tallaj A, Coudry V, Denoix J-M. Transrectal ultrasonographic examination of the sacroiliac joints of the horse: technique and normal images. Equine Vet Educ. 2019;31(12):666\u2013671.10.1111\/eve.12845"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","series-title":"Stat Med.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780111109","article-title":"A goodness-of-fit approach to inference procedures for the kappa statistic: confidence interval construction, significance-testing and sample size estimation","volume":"11","author":"Donner A","year":"1992","unstructured":"Donner A, Eliasziw M. A goodness-of-fit approach to inference procedures for the kappa statistic: confidence interval construction, significance-testing and sample size estimation. Stat Med. 1992;11(11):1511\u20131519.10.1002\/sim.4780111109"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref23","series-title":"Vet Rec.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.164.26.809","article-title":"Scintigraphic pattern of uptake of 99mTechnetium by the cervical vertebrae of sound horses","volume":"164","author":"Didierlaurent D","year":"2009","unstructured":"Didierlaurent D, Contremoulins V, Denoix J-M, Audigi\u00e9 F. Scintigraphic pattern of uptake of 99mTechnetium by the cervical vertebrae of sound horses. Vet Rec. 2009;164(26):809\u2013813.10.1136\/vr.164.26.809"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Equine Scintigraphy","first-page":"124","article-title":"The European Thoroughbred","author":"Sheperd MC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sheperd MC, Meehan J. The European Thoroughbred. In: Dyson SJ, Pilsworth RC, Twardock AR, Martinelli MJ, eds. Equine Scintigraphy. Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd; 2003:124."},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques. Tome 1: Ost\u00e9ologie","author":"Barone R","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barone R. Anatomie Compar\u00e9e des Mammif\u00e8res Domestiques. Tome 1: Ost\u00e9ologie. 4th ed. Vigot; 1999."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref26","series-title":"J Nucl Med.","first-page":"909","article-title":"Skeletal scintigraphy of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra","volume":"44","author":"Connolly LP","year":"2003","unstructured":"Connolly LP, d\u2019Hemecourt PA, Connolly SA, Drubach LA, Micheli LJ, Treves ST. Skeletal scintigraphy of young patients with low-back pain and a lumbosacral transitional vertebra. J Nucl Med. 2003;44(6):909\u2013914."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15727","article-title":"Intervertebral disc degeneration associated with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: a clinical and anatomical study","volume":"87","author":"Aihara T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aihara T, Takahashi K, Ogasawara A, Itadera E, Ono Y, Moriya H. Intervertebral disc degeneration associated with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: a clinical and anatomical study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(5):687\u2013691.10.1302\/0301-620X.87B5.15727"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref28","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc.","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German Shepherd Dogs: 161 cases (1987\u20131990)","volume":"202","author":"Morgan JP","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morgan JP, Bahr A, Franti CE, Bailey CS. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae as a predisposing cause of cauda equina syndrome in German Shepherd Dogs: 161 cases (1987\u20131990). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;202(11):1877\u20131882."},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Hereditary Bone and Joint Diseases in the Dog: Osteochondrosis, Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia","first-page":"223","article-title":"Transitional lumbosacral vertebrae","author":"Morgan JP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morgan JP, Wind A, Davidson AP. Transitional lumbosacral vertebrae. In: Morgan JP, Wind A, Davidson AP, eds. Hereditary Bone and Joint Diseases in the Dog: Osteochondrosis, Hip Dysplasia, Elbow Dysplasia. Schl\u00fctersche; 2000:223\u2013229."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00103.x","article-title":"A lumbosacral transitional vertebra in the dog predisposes to cauda equina syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Fl\u00fcckiger MA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcckiger MA, Damur-Djuric N, H\u00e4ssig M, Morgan JP, Steffen F. A lumbosacral transitional vertebra in the dog predisposes to cauda equina syndrome. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006;47(1):39\u201344.10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2005.00103.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","series-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12753","article-title":"Congenital malformations of the lumbosacral vertebral column are common in neurologically normal French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs, with breed-specific differences","volume":"60","author":"Bertram S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bertram S, Ter Haar G, De Decker S. Congenital malformations of the lumbosacral vertebral column are common in neurologically normal French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs, with breed-specific differences. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2019;60(4):400\u2013408.10.1111\/vru.12753"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/1\/javma.20.08.0428.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/1\/javma.20.08.0428.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/260\/1\/javma.20.08.0428.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T11:21:38Z","timestamp":1727436098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/260\/1\/javma.20.08.0428.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.20.08.0428","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]}}}