{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:12:01Z","timestamp":1793059921849,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the geographic distribution of infections caused by <jats:italic>Pythium insidiosum<\/jats:italic> in dogs, horses, and other animal species in the US.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For the last 20 years, we have collected data from cases of pythiosis in 1,150 horses, 467 dogs, and other species (59) from various geographic locations in the US.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Due to lost data (from 2006 to 2016), the selected cases include years 2000 to 2005 and 2016 to 2020. The selection of cases was based on infected host clinical features, serum samples demonstrating strong positive anti\u2013<jats:italic>P insidiosum<\/jats:italic> IgG titers in serologic assays, and positive results on \u2265 1 of the following diagnostic modalities: microbial culture on 2% Sabouraud dextrose agar, histologic evaluation, PCR assay, and wet mount cytologic evaluation (with potassium hydroxide).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Most confirmed <jats:italic>P insidiosum<\/jats:italic> infections were found in horses and dogs in the southeastern US. Interestingly, in Texas, no cases were found west of longitude 100\u00b0W. Few pythiosis cases were diagnosed in west-coast states. Equine cases were more often diagnosed during summer and fall months, but canine cases were more often diagnosed between September and February. Cases in other species were discovered in the same geographic areas as those in dogs and horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first report providing the ecological distribution of <jats:italic>P insidiosum<\/jats:italic> infection in affected species in the US. Results of this study illustrated the importance of including <jats:italic>P insidiosum<\/jats:italic> in the differential diagnostic scheme of nonhealing skin lesions or intestinal granulomatous masses, particularly in dogs and horses inhabiting or having visited endemic areas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.10.0595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T19:30:10Z","timestamp":1640806210000},"page":"530-534","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Geographic distribution of Pythium insidiosum infections in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"260","author":[{"given":"Don","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno M.","family":"Miraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Vilela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora","family":"Jasem-Alali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riann","family":"Rohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan American Veterinary Laboratories, Lexington, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SolidTech Animal Health, Inc, Newcastle, OK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonel","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"},{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1-2","key":"ref1","series-title":"Vet Microbiol.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.07.019","article-title":"Pythium insidiosum: an overview","volume":"146","author":"Gaastra W","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gaastra W, Lipman LJ, De Cock AW,  Pythium insidiosum: an overview. 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