{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:50:50Z","timestamp":1770267050469,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the prevalence of various\ntypes of heart murmurs in Thoroughbred racehorses\nand assess their association with performance by\nechocardiography and review of the horses' race\nrecords for the preceding 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical and retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014846 Thoroughbred racehorses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cardiac auscultations were performed\nby 3 individuals; for 30 horses, Doppler echocardiographic\nexaminations were also performed. Statistical\nanalyses of race records for 753 horses were performed\nto assess association of heart murmurs with\nperformance.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Heart murmurs were detected by cardiac\nauscultation in 686 of 846 (81.1%) horses. Systolic\nmurmurs over the heart base were most common;\n365 (43.1%) horses had systolic murmurs that were\nloudest over the pulmonary valve area, and 232\n(27.4%) horses had systolic murmurs that were loudest\nover the aortic valve area. Systolic murmurs over\nthe tricuspid valve area were detected in 241 (28.5%)\nhorses, whereas systolic murmurs over the mitral\nvalve area were detected in only 32 (3.8%) horses.\nDiastolic murmurs were much less common than systolic\nmurmurs. Review of race records did not reveal\na significant association between murmurs and performance.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat heart murmurs are a common finding in\nracehorses; most of these heart murmurs do not\nappear to be clinically important. 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