{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:33:41Z","timestamp":1779377621051,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,15]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize pneumothorax in horses\nand to describe clinical signs, diagnostic testing, and\nclinical outcome of horses with pneumothorax.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tAnimals<\/jats:bold>\u201440 horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tProcedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of horses with pneumothorax\nwere reviewed to obtain information on signalment,\nhistory, clinical signs, diagnostic testing,\ntreatment, and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Horses developed pneumothorax secondary\nto pleuropneumonia (17 horses), open\nwounds of the thorax (9), closed trauma to the thorax\n(7), surgery on the upper portion of the respiratory\ntract (3), and surgery involving the thoracic cavity (1);\n3 horses had pneumothorax of unknown cause.\nClinical signs included tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis,\nlack of lung sounds on auscultation of the dorsal\naspect of the thorax, fever, tachycardia, signs of\ndepression or anxiousness, and cough. Radiography\nand ultrasonography were useful to definitively diagnose\npneumothorax. Pneumothorax was bilateral in\n47.5% (19\/40) and unilateral in 42.5% (17\/40) of horses;\ndesignation of unilateral versus bilateral was not\nrecorded in the remaining 4 horses. Horses with\npneumothorax secondary to pleuropneumonia more\ncommonly had unilateral pneumothorax (64.7% for\nunilateral vs 29.4% for bilateral; not specified for 1\nhorse). Horses with pneumothorax secondary to\npleuropneumonia were less likely to survive than\nhorses with pneumothorax secondary to other causes\n(35.3 vs 69.6% survived, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Pleuropneumonia\nis an important cause of pneumothorax in\nhorses. Classic clinical signs of pneumothorax may\nnot be evident. Radiography, ultrasonography, or both\nmay be required for diagnosis. Prognosis for survival\nis better for horses with pneumothorax not associated\nwith pleuropneumonia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n2000;216:1955\u20131959)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:41:34Z","timestamp":1133890894000},"page":"1955-1959","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Pneumothorax in horses: 40 cases (1980\u20131997)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Mary G.","family":"Boy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne R.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_202","first-page":"220","author":"Beech J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger"},{"key":"p_2_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03776.x","volume":"28","author":"Laverty S","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_3_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1982.tb02351.x","volume":"14","author":"Burbidge HM","year":"1982","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_4_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.08.1107","volume":"200","author":"Hance SR","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_206","first-page":"1081","volume":"192","author":"Spurlock SL","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_6_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(87)50028-6","volume":"17","author":"Kramek BA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pneumothorax. 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