{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:55:29Z","timestamp":1790672129808,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare incidence of and breed-related\nrisk factors for gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV)\namong 11 dog breeds (Akita, Bloodhound, Collie,\nGreat Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound,\nNewfoundland, Rottweiler, Saint Bernard, Standard\nPoodle, and Weimaraner).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20141,914 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owners of dogs that did not have a history\nof GDV were recruited at dog shows, and the\ndog's length and height and depth and width of the\nthorax and abdomen were measured. Information\nconcerning the dogs' medical history, genetic background,\npersonality, and diet was obtained from owners,\nand owners were contacted by mail and telephone\nat approximately 1-year intervals to determine\nwhether dogs had developed GDV or died. Incidence\nof GDV based on the number of dog-years at risk was\ncalculated for each breed, and breed-related risk factors\nwere identified.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Incidence of GDV\nfor the 7 large (23 to 45 kg [50 to 99 lb]) and 4 giant (&gt;\n45 kg [&gt; 99 lb]) breeds was 23 and 26 cases\/1,000 dogyears\nat risk, respectively. Of the 105 dogs that developed\nGDV, 30 (28.6%) died. Incidence of GDV\nincreased with increasing age. Cumulative incidence of\nGDV was 5.7% for all breeds. The only breed-specific\ncharacteristic significantly associated with a decreased\nincidence of GDV was an owner-perceived personality\ntrait of happiness. 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