{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:38:43Z","timestamp":1792705123828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine results for horses undergoing\na high-speed treadmill examination, including\nvideoendoscopy of the pharynx and larynx before and\nduring exercise, echocardiography before and after\nexercise, and electrocardiography before, during, and\nafter exercise, because of poor performance.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014348 horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014A definitive diagnosis was obtained for 256\n(73.5%) horses. One hundred forty-eight horses had\ndynamic obstruction of the airway during exercise, 33\nhad clinically important cardiac arrhythmias alone, 22\nhad a combination of dynamic airway obstruction and\nclinically important cardiac arrhythmias, 19 had poor\ncardiac fractional shortening immediately after exercise,\n10 had exertional rhabdomyolyis, 15 had clinically\napparent lameness, and 9 had other disorders. Thirtynine\nof the horses with dynamic obstruction of the airway\nduring exercise had multiple airway abnormalities.\nFifty-three horses also had subclinical myopathy.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat a complete evaluation, including a highspeed\ntreadmill examination, should be conducted in\nhorses with poor performance, regardless or whether\nhorses do or do not have a history of abnormal respiratory\nnoises and particularly if the horses have grade-\nII or -III left laryngeal hemiplegia. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med\nAssoc<\/jats:italic> 2000;216:554\u2013558)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:38:24Z","timestamp":1133890704000},"page":"554-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":235,"title":["Causes of poor performance of horses during training, racing, or showing: 348 cases (1992\u20131996)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Benson B.","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia B.","family":"Reef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby D.","family":"Sage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1991.tb02749.x","volume":"23","author":"Morris EH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_2_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.03.431","volume":"196","author":"Morris EA","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30506-0","volume":"7","author":"Morris E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_4_244","first-page":"81","volume":"40","author":"Parente EJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_5_245","first-page":"1134","volume":"17","author":"Lumsden JM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_6_246","first-page":"83","volume":"40","author":"Hackett RP","year":"1994","journal-title":"Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_7_247","first-page":"170","volume":"41","author":"Parente EJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_8_248","first-page":"106","author":"Parente EJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"St Louis: CV Mosby Co"},{"key":"p_9_249","first-page":"234","author":"Reef VB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_10_250","unstructured":"Feigenbaum H. Echocardiography. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1981;188-329."},{"key":"p_11_251","first-page":"1312","volume":"12","author":"Reef VB","year":"1990","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_12_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04992.x","volume":"19","author":"Reef VB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_13_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1991.tb00319.x","volume":"20","author":"Rakestraw PC","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_14_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30266-3","volume":"12","author":"Beard W","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_15_255","first-page":"271","volume":"15","author":"Holcomb SJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Coll Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"p_16_256","first-page":"283","author":"Ducharme NG","year":"1990","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_17_257","first-page":"63","volume":"12","author":"Kannegeitner NJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Aus Vet J"},{"key":"p_18_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.1.50","volume":"59","author":"Mason SJ","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"p_19_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30385-6","volume":"12","author":"Mitten LA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_20_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.5.615","volume":"59","author":"Maxson AD","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_21_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04373.x","volume":"26","author":"King CM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"p_22_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.03.335","volume":"207","author":"Leroux AJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_23_263","first-page":"185","author":"Reef VB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_24_264","first-page":"457","volume":"26","author":"Keiji K","year":"1980","journal-title":"Annu Meet Am Assoc Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_25_265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(17)30269-9","volume":"12","author":"Valberg SJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"p_26_266","first-page":"145","author":"Snow DH","year":"1994","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/216\/4\/javma.2000.216.554.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/216\/4\/javma.2000.216.554.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/216\/4\/javma.2000.216.554.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T14:01:20Z","timestamp":1741356080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/216\/4\/javma.2000.216.554.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2000.216.554","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,15]]}}}