{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:06:59Z","timestamp":1782284819457,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare heartworm serum antibody\n(Ab) and antigen (Ag) test results, using commercial\nlaboratories and in-house heartworm test kits, with\nnecropsy findings in a population of shelter cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014330 cats at an animal shelter.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Between March and June 1998, 30 ml\nof blood was collected from the cranial and caudal\nvenae cavae of 330 cats that were euthanatized at a\nlocal animal shelter. Results of heartworm Ab and\nAg serologic tests for heartworm infection were\ncompared with necropsy findings in this population\nof cats, using commercial laboratories and in-house\ntest kits to measure serum Ab and Ag concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014On necropsy, adult Dirofilaria immitis were\nfound in 19 of 330 (5.8%) cats. Combining results\nfrom serum Ab and Ag tests achieved higher sensitivities\nthan using serum Ab and Ag test results alone\n(ie, maximum sensitivities of 100% vs 89.5%, respectively),\nwhereas use of serum Ag and Ab test results\nalone achieved higher specificities compared with the\nuse of a combination of serum Ab and Ag results (ie,\nmaximum specificities of 99.4% vs 92.9%, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014On the basis\nof our findings, if a cat has clinical signs that suggest\nheartworm disease despite a negative heartworm\nserum Ab test result, an alternative heartworm Ab\ntest, a heartworm Ag test, thoracic radiography, or\ntwo-dimensional echocardiography should be performed.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2000;216:693\u2013700)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:41:12Z","timestamp":1133890872000},"page":"693-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Performance of serologic tests used to detect heartworm infection in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Patti S.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie K.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E.","family":"Salute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn P.","family":"Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Kubilis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Smail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda L.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_128","unstructured":"McCall JW, Supakorndej N, Ryan W, etalUtility of an ELISA-based antibody test for detection of heartworm infection in cats, in Proceedings. 8th Heartworm Symp 1995;127-133."},{"key":"p_2_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.04.517","volume":"212","author":"Atkins CE","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1996.tb00810.x"},{"key":"p_4_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(84)50153-3","volume":"14","author":"Dillon R","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_5_132","first-page":"26","volume":"25","author":"Dillon R","year":"1997","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"p_6_133","first-page":"18","volume":"26","author":"Ralston SL","year":"1998","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"p_7_134","unstructured":"Dillon R. 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