{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:23:39Z","timestamp":1783441419928,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether there are therapeutically\nrelevant changes in serum phenobarbital\nconcentrations throughout a daily dosing interval in\nepileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital for \u2265 3 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201433 epileptic dogs receiving phenobarbital.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum phenobarbital concentrations\nwere measured at 0 hour (trough), 3 hours, and 6\nhours after oral administration of phenobarbital in\nepileptic dogs that had received phenobarbital twice\ndaily for a minimum of 3 weeks. For each dog, trough,\n3-hour, and 6-hour serum phenobarbital concentrations\nwere evaluated to determine whether they were\nwithin the same therapeutic category (lower, middle,\nor upper end of the therapeutic range of 15 to 45\n\u00b5g\/ml), or whether there was a &gt; 30% change in\nserum concentrations throughout the day.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Ninety-one percent (30\/33) of dogs had\ntrough, 3-hour, and 6-hour serum phenobarbital concentrations\nin the same therapeutic category. Only\n9% (3\/33) of dogs had trough, 3-hour, and 6-hour\nserum concentrations in different therapeutic categories\nwith a &gt; 30% change in concentrations\nthroughout the day. Significant differences were not\ndetected among mean serum phenobarbital concentrations\nwhen comparing the trough, 3-hour, and 6-\nhour samples for all dogs. <\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014There is no\ntherapeutically relevant change in serum phenobarbital\nconcentrations throughout a daily dosing interval in\nmost epileptic dogs. Therefore, timing is not important\nwhen collecting blood samples to measure\nserum phenobarbital concentrations in most epileptic\ndogs treated long-term with phenobarbital. 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