{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:47:05Z","timestamp":1775742425229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine clinical, clinicopathologic,\nand postmortem abnormalities in New World\ncamelids with pancreatic necrosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201410 llamas and 1 alpaca.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of animals in which a\ndiagnosis of pancreatic necrosis had been made on\nthe basis of histologic examination of necropsy specimens\nor on the basis of clinical signs and results of\nclinicopathologic testing were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The initial owner complaint varied, and various\nother conditions were diagnosed. Clinical and\nclinicopathologic abnormalities were vague. Amylase\nactivity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in\n5 of 7 animals, and lipase activity was higher in\nabdominal fluid than in serum in all 7. Four animals\nsurvived, and 7 died or were euthanatized. Only 1 of\nthe animals that died had marked inflammation of the\npancreatic parenchyma. All 7 had necrosis and saponification\nof fat in and surrounding the pancreas.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat pancreatic necrosis may develop in New\nWorld camelids, but clinical signs are vague, and the\ncondition may easily be confused with other diseases.\nThe only laboratory test that appeared to be\nhelpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic\nnecrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities\nin abdominal fluid and serum. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med\nAssoc<\/jats:italic> 2000;217:241\u2013244)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T17:34:58Z","timestamp":1133890498000},"page":"241-244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pancreatic necrosis in New World camelids: 11 cases (1990\u20131998)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Erwin G.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley P.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_1","first-page":"729","author":"Soergel KH.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_2","first-page":"1347","author":"Williams DA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_3_3","first-page":"357","author":"Brobst DF","year":"1997","journal-title":"San Diego: Academic Press Inc"},{"key":"p_4_4","first-page":"407","author":"Jubb KVF","year":"1993","journal-title":"San Diego: Academic Press Inc"},{"key":"p_5_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.142.23.644","volume":"142","author":"Hamir AN","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_6_6","unstructured":"Fowler ME. Digestive system. In: Medicine and surgery of South American camelids. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1998;305-359."},{"key":"p_7_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879801000210","volume":"10","author":"Andreasen CB","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vet Diagn Invest"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/217\/2\/javma.2000.217.241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/217\/2\/javma.2000.217.241.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/217\/2\/javma.2000.217.241.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:45:04Z","timestamp":1741355104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/217\/2\/javma.2000.217.241.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,15]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2000.217.241","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,15]]}}}