{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T19:58:24Z","timestamp":1770062304224,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the reliability of history and\nphysical examination findings for assessing control of\nglycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201453 insulin-treated dogs with diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records of insulin-treated diabetic\ndogs from June 1995 to June 1998 were\nreviewed, and information on owner perception of\ntheir dog's response to insulin treatment, physical\nexamination findings, body weight, insulin dosage,\nand concentrations of food-withheld (ie, fasting) blood\nglucose (FBG), mean blood glucose (MBG) during an\n8-hour period, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb),\nand serum fructosamine was obtained. Owner's perception\nof their dog's response to insulin treatment,\nphysical examination findings, and changes in body\nweight were used to classify control of glycemia as\ngood or poor for each dog. The FBG, MBG\/8 h, blood\nGHb, and serum fructosamine concentrations were\ncompared between well-controlled and poorly controlled\ninsulin-treated diabetic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Presence or absence of polyuria, polydipsia,\npolyphagia, lethargy, and weakness were most\nhelpful in classifying control of glycemia. Mean FBG\nand MBG\/8 h concentrations, blood GHb concentrations,\nand serum fructosamine concentrations were\nsignificantly decreased in 25 well-controlled diabetic\ndogs, compared with 28 poorly controlled diabetic\ndogs. Most well-controlled diabetic dogs had concentrations\nof FBG between 100 and 300 mg\/dl, MBG\/8\nh \u2264 250 mg\/dl, blood GHb \u2264 7.5%, and serum fructosamine\n\u2264 525 \u00b5mol\/L, whereas most poorly controlled\ndiabetic dogs had results that were greater\nthan these values.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Reliance on\nhistory, physical examination findings, and changes in\nbody weight are effective for initially assessing control\nof glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs. 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