{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:46:44Z","timestamp":1787500004591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine whether foals with pneumonia\nthat were treated with erythromycin, alone or\nin combination with rifampin or gentamicin, had a\nhigher risk of developing adverse effects, compared\nwith foals treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole\n(TMS), penicillin G procaine (PGP), or a combination\nof TMS and PGP (control foals).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014143 foals &lt; 240 days old.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Information on age, sex, breed, primary\ndrug treatment, total days of treatment with the primary\ndrug, and whether the foal developed diarrhea,\nhyperthermia, or respiratory distress was obtained\nfrom the medical records. Relative risk (RR) and attributable\nrisk (AR) were calculated to compare risk of\nadverse reactions between foals treated with erythromycin\nand control foals.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Only 3 (4.3%) control foals developed diarrhea;\nnone developed hyperthermia or respiratory distress.\nFoals treated with erythromycin had an 8-fold\nrisk (RR, 8.3) of developing diarrhea, compared with\ncontrol foals, and increased risks of hyperthermia\n(AR, 25%) and respiratory distress (AR, 15%).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results suggest\nthat use of erythromycin to treat foals with pneumonia\nwas associated with an increased risk of diarrhea,\nhyperthermia, and respiratory distress, compared\nwith use of TMS or PGP. 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