{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:16:31Z","timestamp":1791281791374,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To characterize clinical and clinicopathologic\nfindings, response to treatment, and causes of\nsystemic hypertension in cats with hypertensive\nretinopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201469 cats with hypertensive retinopathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Medical records from cats with systemic\nhypertension and hypertensive retinopathy were\nreviewed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Most cats (68.1%) were referred because\nof vision loss; retinal detachment, hemorrhage,\nedema, and degeneration were common findings.\nCardiac abnormalities were detected in 37 cats, and\nneurologic signs were detected in 20 cats.\nHypertension was diagnosed concurrently with chronic\nrenal failure (n = 22), hyperthyroidism (5), diabetes\nmellitus (2), and hyperaldosteronism (1). A clearly\nidentifiable cause for hypertension was not detected\nin 38 cats; 26 of these cats had mild azotemia, and 12\ndid not have renal abnormalities. Amlodipine\ndecreased blood pressure in 31 of 32 cats and\nimproved ocular signs in 18 of 26 cats.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retinal\nlesions, caused predominantly by choroidal injury, are\ncommon in cats with hypertension. Primary hypertension\nin cats may be more common than currently\nrecognized. Hypertension should be considered in\nolder cats with acute onset of blindness; retinal\nedema, hemorrhage, or detachment; cardiac disease;\nor neurologic abnormalities. Cats with hypertensioninduced\nocular disease should be evaluated for renal\nfailure, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac\nabnormalities. Blood pressure measurements\nand funduscopic evaluations should be performed\nroutinely in cats at risk for hypertension (preexisting\nrenal disease, hyperthyroidism, and age &gt; 10 years).\nAmlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent in\ncats.(\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2000;217:695\u2013702)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T12:46:43Z","timestamp":1133873203000},"page":"695-702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985\u20131998)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Maggio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa 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