{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:29:50Z","timestamp":1761647390411,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalence of heartworm\ninfection among healthy, client-owned cats in the\nlower peninsula of Michigan.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional prevalence study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20141,348 healthy cats examined at private veterinary\npractices throughout the lower peninsula of\nMichigan.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sera were tested by use of an ELISAbased\nantigen test kit to determine infection and 2\ncommercially available antibody detection kits to\ndetermine exposure. A questionnaire was used to collect\ndata to assess risk factors associated with infection.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201425 cats had positive results for heartworm\nantigen, yielding an observed prevalence of 1.9%.\nNeither antibody test was reliable or provided reproducible\nresults, and neither yielded positive results for\nmore than 20% of the antigen-positive heartworminfected\ncats. Multivariate regression indicated that\ncats from southeastern Michigan and cats \u2265 2 years\nold had a higher risk of infection.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicated\nthat most (80%) heartworm-infected cats in the\nlower peninsula of Michigan were from the southeastern\npart of the state, a pattern that closely paralleled\nthe prevalence of heartworm infection in dogs.\nTherefore, knowledge of the regional prevalence of\nheartworm infection in dogs may be useful in assessing\nthe risk of infection in cats. Results also suggested\nthat currently available in-clinic heartworm antibody\ndetection kits have limited utility in the diagnosis\nof heartworm infection in cats. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med\nAssoc<\/jats:italic> 2000;217:857\u2013861)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:20:23Z","timestamp":1135178423000},"page":"857-861","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prevalence of heartworm infection in healthy cats in the lower peninsula of Michigan"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Tina S.","family":"Kalkstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Kaneene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_1","first-page":"309","author":"Atkins CE","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_2_2","first-page":"79","author":"Ryan WG","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_3_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1966.tb04713.x","volume":"42","author":"Abbott PK","year":"1966","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"p_4_4","first-page":"657","volume":"771","author":"Tanaka H","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn"},{"key":"p_5_5","first-page":"1","author":"Courtney CH","year":"1989","journal-title":"DC: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_6_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1991.tb00734.x","volume":"68","author":"Kendall K","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"p_7_7","first-page":"97","author":"Genchi C","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_8_8","first-page":"91","author":"Guerrero J","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_9_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(84)50153-3","volume":"14","author":"Dillon AR","year":"1984","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_10_10","first-page":"518","volume":"164","author":"Donohoe JMR","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_11_11","first-page":"6","author":"Otto GF","year":"1975","journal-title":"Kan: VM Publishing"},{"key":"p_12_12","first-page":"490","volume":"12","author":"Cusick PK","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_13_13","first-page":"87","author":"Mansour AE","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_14_14","first-page":"121","author":"Ryan WG","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_15_15","first-page":"71","author":"McCall JW","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_16_16","first-page":"115","author":"McTier TL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_17_17","first-page":"37","author":"Knight DH","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_18_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.693"},{"key":"p_19_19","first-page":"57","author":"Robertson-Plough CK","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_20_20","first-page":"63","author":"Nelson CT","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_21_21","first-page":"171","author":"Genchi C","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ill: American Heartworm Society"},{"key":"p_22_22","unstructured":"Fox JC, Wagner R, Crotty C. Development of a PCR test and IFA test for Dirofilaria immitis in cats and their use along with ELISA heartworm antigen test to determine the prevalence of infections in the Tulsa, Oklahoma area. In: Seward RL, Knight DH, eds. Proceedings of the Heartworm Symposium '98. Batavia, Ill: American Heartworm Society, 1998;167-171."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/217\/6\/javma.2000.217.857.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/217\/6\/javma.2000.217.857.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/217\/6\/javma.2000.217.857.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:44:19Z","timestamp":1741355059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/217\/6\/javma.2000.217.857.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,15]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2000.217.857","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-1488"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,15]]}}}