{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T08:44:10Z","timestamp":1776847450222,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether the geographic\ndistribution of deer ticks (<jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>) was associated\nwith the distribution of dogs seropositive for\nvarious tick-transmitted disease organisms (ie,\n<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi, Rickettsia rickettsii<\/jats:italic>, the human\ngranulocytic ehrlichiosis [HGE] agent, <jats:italic>Ehrlichia canis<\/jats:italic>,\nand <jats:italic>Bartonella vinsonii<\/jats:italic> subsp <jats:italic>berkhoffii<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serologic survey.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum samples from 277 dogs\nin animal shelters and veterinary hospitals in Rhode\nIsland.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Overall, 143 (52%) dogs were seropositive\nfor <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, 59 (21.3%) were seropositive for <jats:italic>R\nrickettsii<\/jats:italic>, 40 (14.4%) were seropositive for the HGE\nagent, 8 (2.9%) were seropositive for <jats:italic>E canis<\/jats:italic>, and 6\n(2.2%) were seropositive for <jats:italic>B vinsonii<\/jats:italic>. Regression\nanalysis indicated that the natural logarithm of\nnymphal deer tick abundance was correlated with rate\nof seropositivity to the HGE agent and to <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\nbut not to rate of seropositivity to<jats:italic> R rickettsii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E\ncanis<\/jats:italic>, or <jats:italic>B vinsonii<\/jats:italic>. Percentages of samples seropositive\nfor <jats:italic>B burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>R rickettsii<\/jats:italic>, the HGE agent, and\n<jats:italic>E canis<\/jats:italic> were significantly higher for samples from the\nsouthwestern part of the state where ticks in general\nand deer ticks in particular are abundant than for samples\nfrom the northern and eastern portions of the\nstate, where ticks are relatively rare.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested\nthat all 5 disease agents are in Rhode Island and\npose a risk to dogs and humans. Knowledge concerning\ntick distributions may be useful in predicting the pattern\nof disease associated with particular tick species\nand may aid diagnostic, prevention, and control efforts.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2001;218:1092\u20131097)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1152302165000},"page":"1092-1097","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Assessing the association between the geographic distribution of deer ticks and seropositivity rates to various tick-transmitted disease organisms in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Virginia L.","family":"Hinrichsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulysses G.","family":"Whitworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward B.","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"Hegarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas N.","family":"Mather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-86-6-685","volume":"86","author":"Steere AC","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"p_2_12","first-page":"219","volume":"185","author":"Lissman BA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_13","first-page":"1","volume":"46","author":"Centers","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"p_4_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.32.3.589-595.1994","volume":"32","author":"Chen SM","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_5_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.34.1.44-48.1996","volume":"34","author":"Greig B","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_6_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.4.944-947.1997","volume":"35","author":"Yeh MT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_7_17","first-page":"433","volume":"7","author":"Maxey EE","year":"1899","journal-title":"Medical Sentinel"},{"key":"p_8_18","first-page":"994","volume":"176","author":"Lissman BA","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_9_19","first-page":"236","volume":"181","author":"Keefe TJ","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_10_20","first-page":"67","volume":"27","author":"Ewing SA","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_11_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.05.467","volume":"58","author":"Pappalardo BL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_12_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737","volume":"216","author":"Burgdorfer W","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_13_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.12.6209"},{"key":"p_14_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/12.3.269","volume":"12","author":"Burgdorfer W","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"p_15_25","first-page":"937","volume":"36","author":"Groves MG","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_16_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.8.2598-2601.1999","volume":"37","author":"Welch DF","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_17_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0403.980328","volume":"4","author":"Childs J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"p_18_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith T, Kilbourne FL. 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