{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T16:57:52Z","timestamp":1769101072425,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare hydromorphone with oxymorphone,\nwith or without acepromazine, for preanesthetic\nsedation in dogs and assess changes in\nplasma concentration of histamine after drug administration.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201410 healthy mixed-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs were treated IM with hydromorphone\n(group H), oxymorphone (group O), hydromorphone\nwith acepromazine (group H\/A), or oxymorphone\nwith acepromazine (group O\/A). Sedation score, heart\nrate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen\nsaturation were recorded at baseline immediately\nafter drug administration (T0) and every 5 minutes for 25\nminutes (T25). Plasma histamine concentration was\nmeasured at baseline and T25.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sedation was similar between groups H\nand O at all times. Sedation was significantly greater\nfor groups H\/A and O\/A from T10 to T25, compared\nwith other groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly\nreduced at T25 in group H\/A, compared with\ngroup H, and in group O\/A, compared with group O.\nPrevalence of panting at T25 was 50% for groups H\nand O, compared with 20% for group H\/A and 30%\nfor group O\/A. By T25, heart rate was significantly\nlower in all groups. Oxygen saturation was unaffected\nby treatment. Mean \u00b1 SD plasma histamine concentration\nwas 1.72 \u00b1 2.69 ng\/ml at baseline and 1.13 \u00b1\n1.18 ng\/ml at T25. There was no significant change in\nplasma histamine concentration in any group.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hydromorphone\nis comparable to oxymorphone for preanesthetic\nsedation in dogs. Sedation is enhanced by acepromazine.\nNeither hydromorphone nor oxymorphone\ncaused an increase in plasma histamine concentration.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2001;218:1101\u20131105)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1152302165000},"page":"1101-1105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Effects of hydromorphone or oxymorphone, with or without acepromazine, on preanesthetic sedation, physiologic values, and histamine release in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Lesley J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff K-A","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dale E.","family":"Bjorling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_52","first-page":"70","author":"Stoelting RK","year":"1991","journal-title":"Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co"},{"key":"p_2_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(92)50606-4","volume":"22","author":"Wilson DV","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_3_54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90151-4"},{"key":"p_4_55","first-page":"1699","volume":"49","author":"Robinson EP","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_5_56","first-page":"591","author":"Bednarski RM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philadelphia: The Williams & Wilkins Co"},{"key":"p_6_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1992.tb01720.x","volume":"21","author":"Dyson DH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_7_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1994.tb00488.x","volume":"23","author":"Jacobson JD","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_8_59","first-page":"181","volume":"13","author":"Sackman JE.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_9_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01428.x","volume":"25","author":"Vesal N","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_10_61","first-page":"135","volume":"41","author":"Pettifer G","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"p_11_62","unstructured":"Inturrisi CE, Foley KM. 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