{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:21:27Z","timestamp":1770218487162,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the efficacy and safety of\npercutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment\nof hyperthyroidism caused by bilateral hyperplastic\nthyroid nodules in cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed on the\nbasis of clinical signs and increased serum total thyroxine\n(TT4) concentrations. The presence of 2 cervical\nthyroid nodules was confirmed by use of ultrasonography\nand technetium Tc 99m albumin thyroid scans.\nAfter the death of 1 cat that received PEI in both thyroid\nnodules at the same time, the protocol was\nchanged to injecting ethanol into 1 nodule at a time,\nwith at least 1 month between injections. Clinical\nsigns, serum TT4 concentrations, serum ionized calcium\nconcentrations, laryngeal function, findings on\nultrasonographic examinations of the ventral cervical\nregion, and results of thyroid scans were monitored.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum TT4 concentrations transiently\ndecreased in all 6 cats (into the reference range in 5 of\n6 cats) within 4 days of the first staged ethanol injection.\nEach subsequent injection resulted in a transient\ndecrease in serum TT4 concentration. The longest period\nof euthyroidism was 27 weeks. Adverse effects\nincluded Horner's syndrome, dysphonia, and laryngeal\nparalysis. One cat died of unrelated causes. One cat\nunderwent bilateral thyroidectomy, 2 cats were treated\nwith methimazole, and 2 cats that had increased\nserum TT4 concentrations were not treated further,\nbecause they remained clinically normal.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Percutaneous\nethanol ablation of bilateral thyroid nodules as a treatment\nfor cats with hyperthyroidism is not recommended.\nThis treatment is not as efficacious as the\nmedical and surgical treatments presently used.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2001;218:1293\u20131297)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:39:47Z","timestamp":1138041587000},"page":"1293-1297","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Use of percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of bilateral hyperplastic thyroid nodules in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig D.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Hornof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Nyland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward C.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1988.tb02812.x","volume":"2","author":"Peterson ME","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"p_2_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.11.1422","volume":"207","author":"Peterson ME","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_3_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1989.tb01107.x","volume":"18","author":"Welches CD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"p_4_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1360240","volume":"136","author":"Bennedbaek FN","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"p_5_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.2.3020612","volume":"161","author":"Livraghi T","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"p_6_135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.81.9.3261"},{"key":"p_7_136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1997.d01-1752.x"},{"key":"p_8_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.02.217","volume":"215","author":"Long CD","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_9_138","first-page":"10","volume":"28","author":"Walker MC","year":"1998","journal-title":"Feline Pract"},{"key":"p_10_139","first-page":"165","author":"Nyland TG","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_11_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(98)50085-X","volume":"28","author":"Wisner ER","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_12_141","first-page":"49","volume":"192","author":"Broome MR","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_13_142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1994.tb00178.x"},{"key":"p_14_143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805143382007"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/218\/8\/javma.2001.218.1293.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/218\/8\/javma.2001.218.1293.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/218\/8\/javma.2001.218.1293.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:44:46Z","timestamp":1741355086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/218\/8\/javma.2001.218.1293.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1293","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,15]]}}}