{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,8]],"date-time":"2025-03-08T05:25:26Z","timestamp":1741411526993,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the clinical and pathologic\ncharacteristics of mammary duct ectasia in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201451 dogs with mammary duct ectasia.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Information regarding body condition,\nhistory, number and location of affected mammary\nglands, appearance of lesions, surgical treatment,\nnonsurgical treatment, and evidence of recurrence or\ndevelopment of mammary neoplasia was obtained\nfrom surveys sent to referring veterinarians. Results\nof information from examination of histologic sections\nand referring veterinarians were evaluated for all\nmammary duct ectasia biopsies performed between\n1992 and 1999.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Duct ectasia was the primary diagnosis in\n51 of 1,825 (2.8%) mammary biopsy specimens and\ncomprised 48% of nonneoplastic mammary diseases.\nAffected dogs were evenly distributed over a range of\n1 to 13 years of age, with a mean age at the time of\ndiagnosis of 6.1 \u00b1 3.1 years. All dogs were female (31\nsexually intact, 20 spayed); 10 of 26 had whelped.\nDuct ectasia was described as nodular (26 dogs), cystic\n(13), and multiglandular (11) and located in caudal\n(31) more often than cranial (14) or middle glands (10).\nEctasia recurred in 3 dogs. One dog had a history of\npreviously excised mammary adenocarcinoma; another\nsubsequently developed mammary carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Duct ectasia\naffected mature, sexually intact and spayed female\ndogs over a wide age range. Certain breeds were\naffected more commonly than expected. Increased\nrisk for mammary neoplasia was not evident. Duct\nectasia should be considered as a cause for mammary\nenlargement, especially in young dogs or when its\ncystic nature is evident. Mastectomy is usually curative,\nand neoplasia should be ruled out in dogs with\nectasia. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2001;218:1303\u20131307)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:39:47Z","timestamp":1138041587000},"page":"1303-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mammary duct ectasia in dogs: 51 cases (1992\u20131999)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"218","author":[{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Kottler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah A.","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gayle C.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John 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