{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T10:58:30Z","timestamp":1793444310728,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether hydrochlorothiazide\n(HCTZ) reduces urinary calcium excretion in\ndogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Original study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20148 dogs with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u20144 treatment protocols were evaluated in\neach dog (a low calcium, low protein diet designed to\nprevent calcium oxalate urolith formation with and\nwithout administration of HCTZ [2 mg\/kg (0.9 mg\/lb)\nof body weight, PO, q 12 h] and a maintenance diet\nwith higher quantities of protein and calcium with and\nwithout administration of HCTZ). At the end of each 2-week treatment period, 24-hour urine samples were collected. Blood samples were collected during the\nmidpoint of each urine collection period. Analysis of\nvariance was performed to evaluate the effects of\nHCTZ and diet on urine and serum analytes.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Hydrochlorothiazide significantly decreased\nurine calcium and potassium concentration and excretion.\nHydrochlorothiazide also significantly decreased\nserum potassium concentration. Compared with the\nmaintenance diet, the urolith prevention diet significantly\ndecreased urine calcium and oxalic acid concentration\nand excretion. Dogs consuming the urolith\nprevention diet had significantly lower serum concentrations\nof albumin and urea nitrogen.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Administration\nof HCTZ decreased urine calcium excretion\nin dogs with a history of calcium oxalate urolith formation.\nThe greatest reduction in urine calcium concentration\nand excretion was achieved when dogs\nreceived HCTZ and the urolith prevention diet.\nResults of this study suggest that the hypocalciuric\neffect of HCTZ will minimize recurrence of calcium\noxalate urolith formation in dogs; however, long-term\ncontrolled clinical trials are needed to confirm the\nsafety and effectiveness of HCTZ. 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