{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:32:03Z","timestamp":1791426723304,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine the relationship between\nserum and liver copper concentrations and evaluate\nserum copper determination for diagnosis of copper\ndeficiency in juvenile beef calves.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014105 juvenile beef calves.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Copper concentrations were measured\nin paired liver and serum samples from 6- to 9-monthold\nbeef calves. Regression models that predicted\nliver copper concentration as a function of serum copper\nconcentration were developed. Sensitivity and\nspecificity of serum copper concentration for detection\nof low liver copper concentration were determined,\nusing a range of serum copper concentrations\nas test endpoints. Positive and negative predictive values\nwere calculated.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The association between serum and liver\ncopper concentrations was significant; however,\nregression models accounted for only a small portion\nof the variation in liver copper concentrations. For a\nserum copper concentration endpoint of 0.45 \u00b5g\/g,\nsensitivity and specificity for detection of low liver\ncopper concentration were 0.53 and 0.89, respectively.\nPositive and negative predictive values of serum\ncopper concentration for detection of low liver copper\nconcentration ranged from 0.37 to 0.85 and 0.63 to\n0.94, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Regression\nmodels are inappropriate for predicting copper status\nas a function of serum copper concentration. Serum\ncopper concentration is fairly specific for detection of\nlow liver copper concentration but only marginally\nsensitive when serum copper concentration of 0.45\n\u00b5g\/g is used as a test endpoint. The value of serum\ncopper concentration as a diagnostic indicator\ndepends on prevalence of copper deficiency. 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