{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:31:37Z","timestamp":1791829897061,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine causes of death or reasons\nfor euthanasia in a population of military working\ndogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014927 military working dogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Records of all military working dogs that\ndied during the period from 1993 to 1996 were evaluated\nfor cause of death or reason for euthanasia by\nreview of necropsy and histopathology reports, death\ncertificates, and daily clinical treatment sheets. A single\nprimary cause of death or euthanasia was determined.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Although sexually intact male dogs were\nmore numerous in the study population, castrated\nmale dogs typically lived longer than spayed females\nor sexually intact males. Leading causes of death or\neuthanasia (76.3% of all dogs) were appendicular\ndegenerative joint disease, neoplasia, spinal cord disease,\nnonspecific geriatric decline, and gastric dilatation-volvulus. Compared with German Shepherd\nDogs, Belgian Shepherd Dogs were at increased risk\nfor death attributable to neoplasia, behavior, and respiratory\ntract disease. German Shepherd Dogs had\nnearly twice the risk for death associated with spinal\ncord diseases, compared with Belgian Shepherd\nDogs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014For most military\nworking dogs, death or euthanasia results from a\nfew diseases commonly associated with advanced\nage. Some breed differences in risk for these diseases\nmay exist, which clinicians should consider in the procurement\nand long-term management of these dogs.\n(\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2001;219:209\u2013214)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T13:36:29Z","timestamp":1138023389000},"page":"209-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Causes of death or reasons for euthanasia in military working dogs: 927 cases (1993\u20131996)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"George E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay D.","family":"Burkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret N.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_138","first-page":"437","volume":"34","author":"Robinson FR","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_2_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/152.10.489","volume":"152","author":"Dutton RE","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"p_3_140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2000)014<0140:ASOTLO>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"p_4_141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(00)00135-5"},{"key":"p_5_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B171","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/52A.3.B171","volume":"52","author":"Patronek GJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"p_6_143","first-page":"2057","volume":"43","author":"Bronson RT","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_7_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.145.22.625","volume":"145","author":"Michell AR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_8_145","first-page":"1444","volume":"159","author":"Olson RC","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_9_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-32-5-423","volume":"32","author":"Banfield CM","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_10_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/157.7.369","volume":"157","author":"Jennings PB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"p_11_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-33-3-197","volume":"33","author":"Glickman LT","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_12_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.09.1465","volume":"204","author":"Glickman LT","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_13_150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.1492"},{"key":"p_14_151","first-page":"64","author":"Clark RD","year":"1983","journal-title":"Kan: Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/219\/2\/javma.2001.219.209.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/219\/2\/javma.2001.219.209.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/219\/2\/javma.2001.219.209.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:43:25Z","timestamp":1741337005000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/219\/2\/javma.2001.219.209.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,15]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2001.219.209","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,15]]}}}