{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:00:32Z","timestamp":1788328832840,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine signalment, history, clinical\nsigns, duration, seasonality, and response to various\ntreatments reported by owners for headshaking in\nhorses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owner survey.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014109 horses with headshaking.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Owners of affected horses completed a\nsurvey questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u201478 affected horses were geldings, 29 were\nmares, and 2 were stallions. Mean age of onset was\n9 years. Headshaking in 64 horses had a seasonal\ncomponent, and for most horses, headshaking began\nin spring and ceased in late summer or fall. The most\ncommon clinical signs were shaking the head in a vertical\nplane, acting like an insect was flying up the nostril,\nsnorting excessively, rubbing the muzzle on\nobjects, having an anxious expression while headshaking,\nworsening of clinical signs with exposure to\nsunlight, and improvement of clinical signs at night.\nTreatment with antihistamines, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory\ndrugs, corticosteroids, antimicrobials,\nfly control, chiropractic, and acupuncture had limited\nsuccess. Sixty-one horses had been treated with\ncyproheptadine; 43 had moderate to substantial\nimprovement.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Headshaking\nmay have many causes. A large subset of horses have\nsimilar clinical signs including shaking the head in a\nvertical plane, acting as if an insect were flying up the\nnostrils, and rubbing the muzzle on objects.\nSeasonality and worsening of clinical signs with exposure\nto light are also common features of this syndrome.\nGeldings and Thoroughbreds appear to be\noverrepresented. Cyproheptadine treatment was beneficial\nin more than two thirds of treated horses. 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