{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:03:52Z","timestamp":1792717432670,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine potential risk factors and\nbehaviors associated with separation anxiety and\ndevelop a practical index to help in the diagnosis of\nseparation anxiety in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014200 dogs with separation anxiety and 200\ncontrol dogs with other behavior problems.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records were reviewed for signalment,\nhistory of behavior problems, home environment,\nmanagement, potentially associated behaviors,\nand concurrent problems.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Dogs from a home with a single adult\nhuman were approximately 2.5 times as likely to have\nseparation anxiety as dogs from multiple owner\nhomes, and sexually intact dogs were a third as likely\nto have separation anxiety as neutered dogs. Several\nfactors associated with hyperattachment to the\nowner were significantly associated with separation\nanxiety. Spoiling activities, sex of the dog, and the\npresence of other pets in the home were not associated\nwith separation anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results do\nnot support the theory that early separation from the\ndam leads to future development of separation anxiety.\nHyperattachment to the owner was significantly\nassociated with separation anxiety; extreme following\nof the owner, departure cue anxiety, and excessive\ngreeting may help clinicians distinguish between\ncanine separation anxiety and other separation-related\nproblems. 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