{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T01:32:14Z","timestamp":1772587934396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate antibiotics for treatment of\ncattle with leptospirosis caused by <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\nserovar hardjo.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201442 healthy mixed-breed cattle.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cattle were inoculated via conjunctival\ninstillation with <jats:italic>L borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serovar hardjo. After\ninfection and urinary shedding of <jats:italic>L borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\nwere confirmed, cattle were treated with various\nantibiotics. To determine effectiveness of antibiotic\ntreatment, urinary shedding of <jats:italic>L borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> was\nmonitored for 4 to 6 weeks after administration of\nantibiotics, using darkfield microscopic examination,\nmicrobial culture, immunofluorescence testing, and a\npolymerase chain reaction assay.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All inoculated cattle developed leptospirosis\nand shed leptospires in their urine. The following\nantibiotic treatments resulted in elimination of urinary\nshedding of leptospires: a single injection of oxytetracycline\n(20 mg\/kg [9 mg\/lb] of body weight, IM), tilmicosin\n(10 mg\/kg [4.5 mg\/lb], SC), or a combination\nproduct that contained dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin\nG (25 mg\/kg [11.4 mg\/lb], IM) or multiple injections of\nceftiofur sodium (2.2 or 5 mg\/kg [1 or 2.3 mg\/lb], IM,\nonce daily for 5 days, or 20 mg\/kg, IM, once daily for\n3 days).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Successful\nresolution of leptospirosis in cattle by administration\nof dihydrostreptomycin-penicillin G confirms results\nobtained by other investigators. Three other antibiotics\n(oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and ceftiofur) also\nwere effective for resolving leptospirosis and may be\nuseful substitutes for dihydrostreptomycin, an antibiotic\nthat is no longer available for use in food-producing\nanimals in the United States. Cost, safety, and\nwithdrawal times of these various treatment options\nneed to be considered. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n2001;219:636\u2013639)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:36:59Z","timestamp":1138041419000},"page":"636-639","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Evaluation of antibiotics for treatment of cattle infected with Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"David P.","family":"Alt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Zuerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole A.","family":"Bolin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_180","first-page":"1172","volume":"43","author":"White FH","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Vet 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