{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:30:57Z","timestamp":1791639057059,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine whether nonthyroidal disease\nof various causes and severity is associated with\nabnormalities in baseline serum concentrations of\ntotal thyroxine (T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), triiodothyronine (T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>), free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, or\nthyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) in\ndogs believed to be euthyroid.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Case-control study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014223 dogs with confirmed nonthyroidal diseases\nand presumptive normal thyroid function, and\n150 clinically normal dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum total T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, total T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and TSH\nconcentrations were measured in dogs with confirmed\nnonthyroidal disease. Reference ranges for\nhormone concentrations were established on the\nbasis of results from 150 clinically normal dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In dogs with nonthyroidal disease, median\nserum concentrations of total T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, total T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\nwere significantly lower than those in clinically normal\ndogs. Median serum TSH concentration in sick dogs\nwas significantly greater than that of clinically normal\ndogs. When stratified by severity of disease (ie, mild,\nmoderate, and severe), dogs with severe disease had\nlow serum concentrations of total T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, total T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, or free\nT<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> more commonly than did dogs with mild disease.\nIn contrast, serum TSH concentrations were more\nlikely to remain within the reference range regardless\nof severity of disease.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicate\nthat serum total T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, free T<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, and total T<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> concentrations\nmay be low (ie, in the hypothyroid range) in\ndogs with moderate to severe nonthyroidal disease.\nSerum TSH concentrations are more likely to remain\nwithin the reference range in sick dogs. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet\nMed Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2001;219:765\u2013769)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T20:09:55Z","timestamp":1152302995000},"page":"765-769","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Serum total thyroxine, total triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations in dogs with nonthyroidal disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Lawrence B.","family":"Kantrowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Meli\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhett","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_153","first-page":"68","author":"Feldman EC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(94)50057-3","volume":"24","author":"Ferguson DC","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_3_155","first-page":"1419","author":"Scott-Moncrieff J","year":"2000","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_4_156","first-page":"43","author":"Panciera DL","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"p_5_157","first-page":"1365","volume":"10","author":"Ferguson DC","year":"1988","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_6_158","first-page":"339","author":"Boothe DM","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_7_159","unstructured":"Ferguson DC. 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