{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:14:25Z","timestamp":1768083265793,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To measure antibody titers against\n<jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic> in serum and vitreous humor\nand determine the prevalence of <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic> in vitreous\nhumor of horses with recurrent uveitis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014242 horses (270 eyes) with recurrent\nuveitis undergoing vitrectomy and 39 control horses\n(54 eyes) without any history or clinical signs of recurrent\nuveitis undergoing euthanasia or enucleation for\nunrelated reasons.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Serum and vitreous humor were tested\nfor antibodies against 13 serovars of <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic>.\nVitreous humor was submitted for leptospiral culture;\nisolates were typed to the serogroup level.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014<jats:italic>Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:italic> was isolated from vitreous\nhumor from 120\/229 (52%) horses (126\/252\n[50%] eyes) with recurrent uveitis but was not isolated\nfrom vitreous humor from 36 eyes of 21 control horses.\nDuration of recurrent uveitis was \u2265 1 year for 45 of the\n120 (38%) horses from which the organism was isolated.\nGeometric mean antibody titers against <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic>\nin the vitreous humor and serum of horses with\nrecurrent uveitis were 1:1,332 and 1:186, respectively.\nOnly 91 of 120 (76%) horses from which the organism\nwas isolated had a 4-fold or greater difference between\nserum and vitreous humor antibody titers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat persistent ocular infection with <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic>\nis common in horses with recurrent uveitis. A 4-\nfold increase in vitreous humor versus serum antibody\ntiters may not be a sensitive test for the diagnosis\nof <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic>-induced recurrent uveitis. We\nhypothesize that the immune component of recurrent\nuveitis can be directly induced and maintained by persistent\ninfection of the eye with <jats:italic>L interrogans<\/jats:italic>. 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