{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T06:53:33Z","timestamp":1760079213026,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate signalment, surgical treatment,\npostoperative complications, and future breeding\nsuccess or semen production in a group of bulls\nwith naturally occurring disease of the scrotum or\ntestis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Study design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201421 bulls that underwent unilateral castration\nafter evaluation for scrotal swelling.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014A computer-assisted search of medical\nrecords at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals was performed.\nHistorical, diagnostic, surgical, and follow-up\ndata were collected and analyzed for those bulls with\nscrotal swelling that underwent unilateral castration.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Four of 5 pasture breeding bulls and 9 of 10\nsemen collection-center bulls successfully bred cows\nor produced viable semen within 6 months of surgery.\nFourteen of 21 surgical procedures were performed\nafter induction of general anesthesia. Sixty-six percent\nof procedures were performed as open castrations.\nSeventy-one percent of bulls developed postoperative\ncomplications, most of which were mild swellings.\nUnilateral castration returned 13 of 15 bulls with unilateral\ndisease of the scrotum or testis to productive\nservice by 6 months after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Unilateral castration\nis an effective treatment for unilateral disease\nof the scrotum or testis in bulls, allowing return to\nreproductive function. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2002;\n220:1198\u20131202)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T17:33:39Z","timestamp":1152293619000},"page":"1198-1202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Diagnosis, surgical treatment, and performance after unilateral castration in breeding bulls: 21 cases (1989\u20131999)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Ivany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Ayars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Monke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Wittum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Frazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"St-Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_190","first-page":"837","volume":"178","author":"Hopkins SM","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_2_191","first-page":"737","volume":"83","author":"Baxter GM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"p_3_192","first-page":"82","volume":"85","author":"Blanchard TL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"p_4_193","first-page":"1291","volume":"186","author":"Wolfe DF","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_194","first-page":"788","volume":"91","author":"Heath AM","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"p_6_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.91.21.498","volume":"91","author":"Pearson H","year":"1972","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_7_196","first-page":"313","author":"Wolfe DF","year":"1998","journal-title":"Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co"},{"key":"p_8_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.12.1777","volume":"215","author":"McCain D","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_9_198","unstructured":"Barth AD, Oko RJ. Normal bovine spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. In: Barth AD, Oko RJ, eds. Abnormal morphology of bovine spermatozoa. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1989;19-88."},{"key":"p_10_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(53)91449-0","volume":"36","author":"Casady RB","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"p_11_200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(79)90064-5"},{"key":"p_12_201","unstructured":"Walker DF. Surgery of the male urogenital organs. In: Amstutz HE, ed. Bovine medicine and surgery. Santa Barbara, Calif: American Veterinary Publications, 1980;1179."},{"key":"p_13_202","unstructured":"Walker DF. The male genital system. In: Oehme FW, ed. Textbook of large animal surgery. 2nd ed. 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