{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T03:16:54Z","timestamp":1769051814254,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To identify clinically relevant variables\nand treatments for dogs bitten by prairie rattlesnakes\n(<jats:italic>Crotalus viridis viridis<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014100 client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Records of dogs evaluated for rattlesnake\nenvenomation from 1989 to 1998 were\nreviewed. Analysis was performed to test for significant\nassociations among clinical variables or treatments\nand cell counts, costs, and duration of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Most prairie rattlesnake bites occurred\nbetween May and September. Dogs were 3 months\nto 12 years old (median, 3.7 years); most were bitten\non the head in the late afternoon. There was no sex\npredilection. Median time to evaluation was 1 hour\n(range, 15 minutes to 13 hours). Swelling in the area\nof the bite was the primary physical abnormality.\nPrincipal initial laboratory findings were echinocytosis,\nthrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, and prolonged\nactivated clotting time. Ninety-four dogs were hospitalized;\n48 were discharged the following day.\nAntimicrobials and crystalloid fluids, glucocorticoids,\nantihistamines, and antivenin administered IV were\nthe most commonly used treatments. One dog died,\nand small dogs were hospitalized longer than large\ndogs. Antivenin administration was not significantly\nassociated with duration of hospitalization but was\nassociated with higher platelet counts after treatment\nand higher total hospital costs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prairie rattlesnake\nenvenomation in dogs is associated with\nhigh morbidity rate but low mortality rate. The efficacy\nof administration of antivenin for dogs with bites\nfrom this snake species is questionable. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet\nMed Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2002;220:1675\u20131680)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.1675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:38:19Z","timestamp":1138041499000},"page":"1675-1680","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Clinical findings associated with prairie rattlesnake bites in dogs: 100 cases (1989\u20131998)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Tim B.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne E.","family":"Wingfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa M.","family":"Mazzaferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna S.","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_218","unstructured":"Russell FE. 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