{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:00:42Z","timestamp":1784552442941,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To characterize clinical and hematologic\nresponses in dogs following experimental inoculation\nwith <jats:italic>Babesia gibsoni<\/jats:italic>-like isolates from infected dogs\nin Oklahoma.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 mixed-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u20142 dogs were inoculated with organisms\nfrom a naturally infected dog, and 3 were inoculated\nwith organisms from a second naturally infected dog\n(1 of these 3 dogs was splenectomized 1 week prior\nto inoculation). One dog was not inoculated.\nComplete blood counts were performed weekly.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014In the 5 dogs inoculated with organisms,\nparasites were initially detected 1 to 5 weeks after\ninoculation, and severity of parasitemia peaked with\n1.9 to 6.0% of RBC infected by 4 to 6 weeks after\ninoculation. Parasitemia was easily detectable\n(&gt; 0.1% of RBC infected) for 3 to 4 weeks. Clinical\nabnormalities included lethargy, fever, and pale\nmucous membranes but were mild to nearly inapparent\nin 2 dogs. All dogs developed regenerative anemia\nand marked thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia\ndeveloped before and lasted longer than the parasitemia.\nProfound but transient neutropenia was\ndetected in some dogs. The splenectomized dog\ndeveloped more severe parasitemia and anemia and\nmore pronounced clinical abnormalities. Three dogs\nwith intact spleens recovered without treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat 2 or more genotypically distinct, but morphologically\nidentical, small <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> parasites can\ninfect dogs in the United States. Compared with infection\nwith small Babesia <jats:italic>parasites<\/jats:italic> from California,\ninfection with these isolates resulted in less severe\nparasitemia and clinical abnormalities. Parasitemia\nwas transient, indicating that identification of organisms\nin blood smears may be difficult in some dogs.\n(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2002;220:185\u2013189)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:39:50Z","timestamp":1138041590000},"page":"185-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Clinical and hematologic effects of experimental infection of dogs with recently identified Babesia gibsoni-like isolates from Oklahoma"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"James H.","family":"Meinkoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Alan","family":"Kocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie D.","family":"Loud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(91)50011-5","volume":"21","author":"Taboada J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_2_25","first-page":"473","author":"Taboada J.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_3_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.451574","volume":"204","author":"Anderson JF","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"p_4_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.05.601","volume":"199","author":"Conrad P","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(94)90054-X"},{"key":"p_6_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[0437:AGUBGL]2.0.CO;2","volume":"87","author":"Kocan AA","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"p_7_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-2-125","volume":"35","author":"Birkenheuer AJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_8_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00120-X"},{"key":"p_9_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00202-8"},{"key":"p_10_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.2307\/3284248","volume":"83","author":"Wozniak EJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"p_11_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(98)00179-4"},{"key":"p_12_35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182097001686"},{"key":"p_13_36","first-page":"507","volume":"180","author":"Farwell GE","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_14_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.10.1579","volume":"54","author":"Yamane I","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_15_38","first-page":"157","volume":"66","author":"Penzhorn BL","year":"1975","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc"},{"key":"p_16_39","first-page":"293","volume":"36","author":"Botros BAM","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/220\/2\/javma.2002.220.185.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/220\/2\/javma.2002.220.185.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/220\/2\/javma.2002.220.185.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:59:51Z","timestamp":1741355991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/220\/2\/javma.2002.220.185.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2002.220.185","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,1,15]]}}}