{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:27:05Z","timestamp":1784975225126,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine prevalence of a radiographic\ncaudolateral curvilinear osteophyte (CCO) on the\nfemoral neck in various breeds and age groups of\ndogs and to evaluate its contemporaneous relationship\nwith degenerative joint disease (DJD) and distraction\nindex (DI).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional prevalence study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201425,968 dogs, including 3,729 German\nShepherd Dogs, 4,545 Golden Retrievers, 6,277\nLabrador Retrievers, and 1,191 Rottweilers.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data from the University of\nPennsylvania Hip Improvement Program database\nwere analyzed, including ventrodorsal hip-extended,\ncompression, and distraction radiographs. The CCO\nand radiographic signs of DJD were considered independent\nevents and were interpreted as either present\nor absent. Statistical methods were used to evaluate\nthe CCO as a possible risk factor for DJD and\nassess its association with DI, as measured by use of\ndistraction radiography.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014When all breeds were pooled, DJD was\ndetected in 8.6% of dogs, and the CCO was detected\nin 21.6% of dogs. Among dogs with a CCO,\n25.1% had radiographic evidence of DJD. Among\ndogs without a CCO, only 4% had DJD. Dogs with a\nCCO were 7.9 times as likely to have DJD as were\nthose without a CCO. Additionally, DI, weight, and\nage were significant risk factors for the CCO.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results confirm\nthe contemporaneous association between the\nCCO and DJD and that passive hip laxity, as measured\nby use of the DI, is associated with both the CCO and\nDJD. 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