{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:00:05Z","timestamp":1787508005513,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To determine signalment, history, clinical\nfindings, results of autonomic function testing and\nother antemortem diagnostic tests, and pathologic\nfindings in dogs with dysautonomia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Retrospective study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201465 dogs with dysautonomia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Case records of 68 dogs with a diagnosis\nof dysautonomia were reviewed; inclusion criteria\nincluded histologic confirmation of dysautonomia or\nclinical signs and results of pharmacologic testing\nconsistent with dysautonomia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201465 dogs fulfilled all criteria for dysautonomia.\nDogs from rural environments were overrepresented,\nand cases of dysautonomia were reported for\nevery month, although the highest number of cases\nwas reported in February and March. Vomiting was\nthe most common clinical sign, followed by diarrhea,\nsigns of anorexia and depression, weight loss, and\ndysuria. The most common physical examination finding\nwas decreased or absent anal tone, followed by\nabsent pupillary light reflexes and elevated nictitating\nmembrane. Results of pharmacologic te sting were\nconsistent with dysautonomia, although no single\ntest was 100% sensitive. Histologic lesions consistent\nwith dysautonomia were found in the autonomic\nganglia, brainstem nuclei, and ventral horns of the\nspinal cord.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Dysautonomia\nis an endemic disease in Kansas, and a high\nindex of suspicion of the disease can be made by\ncombining clinical signs, physical examination findings,\nand results of pharmacologic testing. 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