{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T08:54:24Z","timestamp":1770972864123,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare the ability of a sidestream\ncapnograph and a mainstream capnograph to measure\nend-tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and provide accurate estimates\nof PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in mechanically ventilated dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized, double Latin square.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 healthy adult dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Anesthesia was induced and neuromuscular\nblockade achieved by IV administration of pancuronium\nbromide. Mechanical ventilation was used\nto induce conditions of standard ventilation, hyperventilation,\nand hypoventilation. While tidal volume was\nheld constant, changes in minute volume ventilation\nand PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were made by changing the respiratory\nrate. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed and\nETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measurements were obtained by use of either\na mainstream or a sidestream capnographic analyzer.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014A linear regression model and bias analysis\nwere used to compare PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measurements;\nETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measurements obtained by both\ncapnographs correlated well with PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Compared\nwith PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, mainstream ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values differed by\n3.15 \u00b1 4.89 mm Hg (mean bias \u00b1 SD), whereas the\nbias observed with the sidestream ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> system\nwas significantly higher (5.65 \u00b1 5.57 mm Hg).\nRegardless of the device used to measure ETCO2,\nbias increased as PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exceeded 60 mm Hg.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Although the\nmainstream capnograph was slightly more accurate,\nboth methods of ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> measurement correlated\nwell with PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and reflected changes in the ventilatory\nstatus. However, ETCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> values &gt; 45 mm Hg may\ninaccurately reflect the severity of hypoventilation as\nPaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may be underestimated during conditions of\nhypercapnia (PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> &gt; 60 mm Hg). (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2002;221:1582\u20131585)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:41:40Z","timestamp":1138041700000},"page":"1582-1585","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Comparison of a sidestream capnograph and a mainstream capnograph in mechanically ventilated dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Francisco J. Teixeira","family":"Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano B.","family":"Carregaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Mannarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00e2ngela L.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stelio P. 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