{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:01:12Z","timestamp":1792000872992,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic\" bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201438 spayed female dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Medical records and client follow-up were reviewed for dogs evaluated via excretory urography because of clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease. Clinical signs, results of radiography, and response to surgical or medical treatment were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Clinical signs included urinary tract infection (n = 24). urinary incontinence (201, vaginitis (11). pollakiuna or stranguria (10), and perivuivar dermatitis (4). Vaginocystourethrographic findings included vestibulovaginal stenosis (n = 28), pelvic bladder (17). and ureteritis or pyeionephritis (4). Ten dogs had a vestibulovaginal ratio 07 &lt; 0.20 (severe stenosisl, 9 dogs had a ratio of 0.20 to 0.25 (moderate stenosis), 9 dogs had a ratio of 0.26 to 0.35 (mild stenosis). and 10 dogs had a ratio of &gt; 0.35 (anatomically normal). Lower urinary tract infection, incontinence, and pelvic bladder were not associated with response to treatment for recessed vulva Vestibulovaginal stenosts with a ratio &lt; 0.20 was signiflcantly associated negatively wlth response to treatment. Dogs without severe vestibulovaglnai stenosls that rened vulvoplasty for a recessed vulva responded well to treatment.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Vestibulovaginal stenosis is likely an important factor in dogs with vestibulovaginal ratio &lt; 0.20. Vaginectomy or resection and anastomosis should be considered in dogs with severe vestibulovaginal stenosis and signs of lower urinary tract disease.(<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2002.221 995\u20139991<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:42:16Z","timestamp":1138041736000},"page":"995-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Influence of vestibulovaginal stenosis, pelvic bladder, and recessed vulva on response to treatment for clinical signs of lower urinary tract disease in dogs: 38 cases (1990-1999)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"221","author":[{"given":"Jason T.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03427.x","volume":"25","author":"Holt PE","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_2_324","first-page":"934","volume":"13","author":"Leveille R","year":"1991","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_3_325","first-page":"1212","volume":"182","author":"Adams WM","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_4_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1981.tb01394.x","volume":"22","author":"Holt PE","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_5_327","first-page":"995","volume":"19","author":"Wykes PM","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_6_328","unstructured":"Evans HE, Christensen GC. Miller'sanatomy of the dog.Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1993:541."},{"key":"p_7_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.209.11.1889","volume":"209","author":"Kyles AK","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_8_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31727-2","volume":"39","author":"Holt PE","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"p_9_331","first-page":"1477","volume":"184","author":"Mahaffey MB","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_10_332","first-page":"537","volume":"127","author":"Holt PE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_11_333","first-page":"2","volume":"29","author":"Marchevsky AM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aust Vet Pract"},{"key":"p_12_334","first-page":"168","author":"Bellah JR","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: The Williams & Wilkins Co"},{"key":"p_13_335","first-page":"1147","volume":"73","author":"Dorn AS","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vet Med Small Anim Clin"},{"key":"p_14_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5326\/0380079","volume":"38","author":"Hammel SP","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"p_15_337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1577"},{"key":"p_16_338","first-page":"279","author":"Scott DW","year":"1995","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_17_339","unstructured":"Archibald J. Canine surgery. 2nd ed. Santa Barbara, Calif: American Veterinary Publications, 1974:757."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/221\/7\/javma.2002.221.995.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/221\/7\/javma.2002.221.995.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/221\/7\/javma.2002.221.995.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:41:50Z","timestamp":1741354910000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/221\/7\/javma.2002.221.995.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2002.221.995","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]]}}}