{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:40:58Z","timestamp":1788486058699,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To compare results of 3 commercial\nheartworm antigen test kits performed on serum\nsamples from dogs infected with low numbers of\nadult female heartworms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Blinded laboratory evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Sample Population<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Serum samples from dogs (n =\n208) proven at necropsy to be infected with 1 to 4\nadult female heartworms and from dogs (32) without\nheartworms.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Samples were sequentially tested with\neach test kit, following the manufacturers' instructions,\nby licensed veterinary technicians in private\npractice who were not aware of infection status of\nthe dogs. The order of test kit evaluations was randomly\nchosen. For each test kit, sensitivity, specificity,\naccuracy, positive predictive value, and negative\npredictive value were evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014All tests yielded some false-negative\nresults, and there were significant differences among\ntests in regard to ability to detect low heartworm burdens.\nSensitivity of the test kits ranged from 78 to\n84%. For all test kits, sensitivity increased as number\nof female heartworms increased. All 3 test kits had\nhigh specificity (97%).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Results indicated\nthat sensitivity of the 3 commercially available\nheartworm antigen test kits ranged from 78 to 84%\nwhen used to test serum samples from dogs with\nlow heartworm burdens, and that sensitivity varied\namong test kits. For all 3 test kits, specificity was\n97%. All 3 test kits yielded false-positive and false-negative\nresults for some dogs with low heartworm\nburdens. (\n                    <jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    2003;222:1221\u20131223)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,7]],"date-time":"2006-07-07T13:38:45Z","timestamp":1152279525000},"page":"1221-1223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Comparison of results of three commercial heartworm antigen test kits in dogs with low heartworm burdens"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Clarke E.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.197.06.724","volume":"197","author":"Courtney CH","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_2_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(01)00374-0"},{"key":"p_3_31","unstructured":"Courtney CH. Comparing the performance of heartworm antigen tests in dogs, in Proceedings. Annu Meet Am Heartworm Soc 2001."},{"key":"p_4_32","unstructured":"McCall JW, Suprakorndej BS, Donoghue AR, etalEvaluation of the performance of canine heartworm antigen test kits licensed for use by veterinarians and canine heartworm antigen tests conducted by diagnostic laboratories, in Proceedings. Annu Meet Am Heartworm Soc 2001."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/9\/javma.2003.222.1221.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/9\/javma.2003.222.1221.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/9\/javma.2003.222.1221.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T08:41:37Z","timestamp":1741336897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/9\/javma.2003.222.1221.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]}}}