{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:20:35Z","timestamp":1789395635407,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the use of a polymerase\nchain reaction (PCR) assay on urine samples for diagnosis\nof leptospirosis in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective case study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014132 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of\nleptospirosis and 13 healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014PCR testing was performed on urine\nsamples to detect leptospiral DNA; results were compared\nwith results of conventional criteria for the diagnosis\nof leptospirosis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 8 dogs via\nestablished criteria; all these dogs had positive results\nof PCR assay, including 1 dog with positive results\nbefore seroconversion developed. A positive PCR\nassay result was also obtained in 16 dogs that did not\nhave a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis. In the 8\ndogs that had a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis,\nserovars pomona (n = 3 dogs), grippotyphosa (2),\ncanicola (2), and bratislava (1) were identified serologically.\nThe remaining 121 dogs all had a diagnosis\nother than leptospirosis or were healthy. For PCR\ntesting on urine, sensitivity was 100%, specificity\nwas 88.3%, positive predictive value was 33%, and\nnegative predictive value was 100%.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Positive PCR\ntest results prior to seroconversion may have value in\nestablishing an early diagnosis. Positive results in\ndogs that had signs consistent with leptospirosis\ndespite failing to meet established criteria for leptospirosis\nraise questions regarding the sensitivity of\nserologic testing in diagnosis of leptospirosis.\nSerovars pomona, grippotyphosa, and canicola were\nmost common. 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