{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T10:46:57Z","timestamp":1770720417135,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine minimum alveolar concentration\n(MAC) of isoflurane in green iguanas and\neffects of butorphanol on MAC.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Prospective randomized trial.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201410 healthy mature iguanas.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In each iguana, MAC was measured 3\ntimes: twice after induction of anesthesia with isoflurane\nand once after induction of anesthesia with\nisoflurane and IM administration of butorphanol (1\nmg\/kg [0.45 mg\/lb]). A blood sample was collected\nfrom the tail vein for blood-gas analysis at the beginning\nand end of the anesthetic period. The MAC was\ndetermined with a standard bracketing technique; an\nelectrical current was used as the supramaximal stimulus.\nAnimals were artificially ventilated with a ventilator\nset to deliver a tidal volume of 30 mL\/kg (14\nmL\/lb) at a rate of 4 breaths\/min.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Mean \u00b1 SD MAC values during the 3 trials\n(2 without and 1 with butorphanol) were 2.0 \u00b1 0.6, 2.1\n\u00b1 0.6, and 1.7 \u00b1 0.7%, respectively, which were not\nsignificantly different from each other. Heart rate and\nend-tidal partial pressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were also not significantly\ndifferent among the 3 trials. Mean \u00b1 SD heart\nrate was 48 \u00b1 10 beats\/min; mean end-tidal partial\npressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was 22 \u00b1 10 mm Hg. There were no\nsignificant differences in blood-gas values for samples\nobtained at the beginning versus the end of the anesthetic\nperiod.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat the MAC of isoflurane in green iguanas is\n2.1% and that butorphanol does not have any significant\nisoflurane-sparing effects. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic>\n2003;222:1559\u20131564)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.1559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,9]],"date-time":"2006-06-09T15:32:17Z","timestamp":1149867137000},"page":"1559-1564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in green iguanas and the effect of butorphanol on minimum alveolar concentration"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Craig A. 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