{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:06:08Z","timestamp":1793214368253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine sedative and cardiorespiratory\neffects of dexmedetomidine alone and in combination\nwith butorphanol or ketamine in cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\u2014Randomized crossover study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 healthy adult cats.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cats were given dexmedetomidine\nalone (10 \u03bcg\/kg [4.5 mg\/lb], IM), a combination of\ndexmedetomidine (10 \u03bcg\/kg, IM) and butorphanol (0.2\nmg\/kg [0.09 mg\/lb], IM), or a combination of\ndexmedetomidine (10 \u03bcg\/kg, IM) and ketamine (5\nmg\/kg [2.3 mg\/lb], IM). Treatments were administered\nin random order, with \u2265 1 week between treatments.\nPhysiologic variables were assessed before\nand after drug administration. Time to lateral recumbency,\nduration of lateral recumbency, time to sternal\nrecumbency, time to recovery from sedation, and\nsubjective evaluation of sedation, muscle relaxation,\nand auditory response were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Each treatment resulted in adequate sedation;\ntime to lateral recumbency, duration of lateral\nrecumbency, and time to recovery from sedation\nwere similar among treatments. Time to sternal\nrecumbency was significantly greater after administration\nof dexmedetomidine-ketamine. Heart rate\ndecreased significantly after each treatment; however,\nthe decrease was more pronounced after administration\nof dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, compared\nwith that following the other treatments. Systolic and\ndiastolic blood pressure measurements decreased\nsignificantly from baseline with all treatments; 50\nminutes after drug administration, mean blood pressure\ndiffered significantly from baseline only when\ncats received dexmedetomidine and butorphanol.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested\nthat in cats, administration of dexmedetomidine\ncombined with butorphanol or ketamine resulted\nin more adequate sedation, without clinically important\ncardiovascular effects, than was achieved with\ndexmedetomidine alone. (<jats:italic>J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2003;222:37\u201341)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.37","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:43:21Z","timestamp":1138041801000},"page":"37-41","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 L.","family":"Selmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme M.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno T.","family":"Lins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana P.","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda R.","family":"Barbudo-Selmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_18","first-page":"78","volume":"20","author":"Muir WW","year":"1998","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_2_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.216.1578"},{"key":"p_3_20","first-page":"329","volume":"44","author":"Trim CM","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_4_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.08.1116","volume":"215","author":"Muir WW","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"p_5_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1994.tb03795.x","volume":"35","author":"Bartram DH","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_6_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1996.57.04.535","volume":"57","author":"Ko JC","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_7_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1996.tb01953.x","volume":"37","author":"Dobromylskyj P","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"p_8_25","first-page":"117","volume":"85","author":"Verstegen J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Vet Scand"},{"key":"p_9_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.128.2.32","volume":"128","author":"Verstegen J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"p_10_27","first-page":"481","volume":"41","author":"Cruz ML","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"p_11_28","first-page":"126","author":"Thurmon JC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins"},{"key":"p_12_29","first-page":"636","volume":"47","author":"Haskins SC","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"p_13_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1998.00155.x"},{"key":"p_14_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.2000.00245.x"},{"key":"p_15_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199107000-00018","volume":"75","author":"Hayashi Y","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"p_16_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1745"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/1\/javma.2003.222.37.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/1\/javma.2003.222.37.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/1\/javma.2003.222.37.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:59:13Z","timestamp":1741355953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/1\/javma.2003.222.37.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2003.222.37","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]]}}}