{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:26:15Z","timestamp":1793319975557,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["javma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tObjective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine seroprevalence of antibodies\nagainst Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp among dogs other than\nFoxhounds in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tDesign<\/jats:bold>\u2014Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tSample Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014957 serum samples from dogs\nthroughout the United States submitted between\nJanuary 2000 and August 2001 to the Diagnostic\nCenter for Population and Animal Health at Michigan\nState University for serologic testing for tick-borne\ndiseases.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tProcedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Samples were tested for antibodies\nagainst Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp with an immunofluorescent\nantibody (IFA) assay. Samples with positive results\nwere submitted to the Centers for Disease Control\nand Prevention for confirmatory testing.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tResults<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results of the IFA assay were negative for\n939 of 957 samples. For 16 samples, titers were from\n1:16 to 1:64, and titers in these dogs were considered\nlikely to be a result of cross-reactivity with antibodies\ndirected against other organisms. For the\nremaining 2 samples, the titers were \u2265 1:128. One of\nthese samples was from a blood donor dog that had\nnever had any clinical signs of leishmaniasis. Followup\nsamples from both dogs also had Leishmania<\/jats:italic> IFA\ntiters \u2265 1:128. Both dogs had antibodies against\nTrypanosoma cruzi<\/jats:italic>, as determined with a radioimmunoprecipitation\nassay.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tConclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggested\nthat the seroprevalence of antibodies against\nLeishmania<\/jats:italic> spp in dogs in the United States was low.\nHowever, results further suggested that leishmaniasis\nmay not be limited to Foxhounds in the United\nStates. (J Am Vet Med Assoc<\/jats:italic> 2003;222:603\u2013606)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,23]],"date-time":"2006-01-23T18:45:13Z","timestamp":1138041913000},"page":"603-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Seroprevalence of antibodies against Leishmania spp among dogs in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Grosjean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Vrable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_90","first-page":"81","author":"Bowman DD.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"},{"key":"p_2_91","first-page":"699","volume":"15","author":"Bravo L","year":"1993","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"p_3_92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1076"},{"key":"p_4_93","first-page":"9","volume":"7","author":"Visvesvara GS.","year":"1992","journal-title":"DC: American Society for Microbiology"},{"key":"p_5_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.3.561","volume":"155","author":"Kirchhoff LV","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"p_6_95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2"},{"key":"p_7_96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90082-0"},{"key":"p_8_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.8.2631-2638.1999","volume":"37","author":"Kordick SK","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"p_9_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"Landis J","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"p_10_99","unstructured":"Rosner B. The fundamentals of biostatistics. 4th ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Publishing Co, 1995;426."},{"key":"p_11_100","first-page":"450","author":"Slappendel RJ","year":"1998","journal-title":"Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/5\/javma.2003.222.603.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/5\/javma.2003.222.603.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/javma\/222\/5\/javma.2003.222.603.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T13:59:04Z","timestamp":1741355944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/javma\/222\/5\/javma.2003.222.603.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.2003.222.603","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-1488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-1488","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]}}}